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Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration - Electromagnetic Emissions Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration - Electromagnetic Immunity Recommended Separation Distances Compliant Cables and Accessories GE Healthcare CARESCAPE™ V100 Vital Signs Monitor Service Manual CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor English 2037106-001 B (paper) © 2007, 2008 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. GE Healthcare CARESCAPE™ V100 Vital Signs Monitor Service Manual CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor English 2037106-001 B (paper) © 2007, 2008 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. NOTE: The information in this manual also applies to CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor software version RAA. There are no user-apparent differences among these software versions. Due to continuing product innovation, specifications in this manual are subject to change without notice. NOTE: For technical documentation purposes, the abbreviation GE is used for the legal entity name, GE Medical Systems Information Technologies. Listed below are GE Medical Systems Information Technologies trademarks. All other trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners. Ohmeda Oximetry and other trademarks (OxyTip+, PIr, TruSat, TruSignal, TruTrak+) are the property of GE Medical Systems Information Technologies, a division of General Electric Corporation. All other product and company names are the property of their respective owners. Alaris Turbo Temp and IVAC are trademarks of Cardinal Health, Inc. CRITIKON, DINAMAP, SuperSTAT, and DURA-CUF and SOFT-CUF Blood Pressure Cuffs are trademarks of GE Medical Systems Information Technologies. Masimo SET, LNOP, and LNCS are trademarks of Masimo Corporation. Possession or purchase of this device does not convey any express or implied license to use the device with replacement parts which would, alone, or in combination with this device, fall within the scope of one or more of the patents relating to the device. Nellcor, OxiMax, C-LOCK and SatSeconds are trademarks of Nellcor Puritan Bennett. T-2 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B 17 September 2008 Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Manual Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Ordering Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Responsibility of the Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4 References to Persons, Places, and Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4 Warnings, Cautions, and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5 Product Specific Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5 Equipment Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 Service Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 Equipment ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 Intended Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 General Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 Related Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 Service Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Service Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Packing Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Service No Charge Rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repair Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disposal of Product Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patient Applied Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Packaging Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 1-10 1-10 1-11 1-11 1-11 1-12 1-12 1-12 1-12 1-13 1-13 1-13 2037106-001B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor i 2 Equipment Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Equipment Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Product Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3 Basic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4 Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Product Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8 Overall Principles of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 SpO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9 Cuff Blood Pressure (NIBP) and Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9 DINAMAP SuperSTAT Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Systolic Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 DINAMAP Classic and Auscultatory Reference Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . Systolic Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reference Used to Determine NIBP Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CARESCAPE V100 Monitors With Intra-Arterial Reference (DINAMAP SuperSTAT and Classic Technology) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CARESCAPE V100 Monitors With Auscultatory Reference (DINAMAP Auscultatory Reference Technology) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Host Communication Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Board PWA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User Interface (UI) Board PWA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SpO2 PWA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pneumatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optical Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12 2-13 2-13 2-14 2-14 2-14 2-14 2-14 2-15 2-15 2-16 2-16 2-16 2-16 ii CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001B 3 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Right-Side Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3 Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3 Powering the Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4 Power Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4 Battery Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4 BATTERY OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5 Battery Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5 E13 Battery Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6 Unpacking and Preparation for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 Configuring Your V100 Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7 Clinical Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7 Configuration Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7 Advanced Configuration Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 Service Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 Host Communications Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 DB15 Connector Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 Connection Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 4 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 Preventative Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3 Integrity of Hoses and Cuffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3 Visual Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Cleaning the Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4 Cuffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5 Temperature Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6 SpO2 Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6 Long-Term Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 Battery Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7 Replacing the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8 2037106-001B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor iii Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9 Parameter Level Functional Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 NIBP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9 Ohmeda, Nellcor, and Masimo SpO2 Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Calibration Procedures and Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Annual Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Parameter Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11 Pneumatic Leakage Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 Pressure Transducer Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 Pressure Transducer Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 Overpressure Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 Button Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 LED Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 External DC Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 NIBP Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 NIBP Overpressure Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 Temperature (Perform if equipped with Temp module) . . . . . . . . . 4-15 SpO2 (Perform only if equipped with SpO2 module) . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 Printer Output Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 Safety Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17 SpO2 Circuit Leakage Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17 Temp Circuit Leakage Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17 Test Results Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18 5 6 iv Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Alarm Code Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 System Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3 Alarm Conditions and Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3 Error Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3 Procedure to View and Print Error Code History Log: . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3 Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5 Parts List, Drawings, and Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Ordering Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001B Service Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 Compatible Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-3 Field-Replaceable Units (FRUs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-8 FRU List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-8 FRU Photos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11 FRU Main Reference Guide Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21 Assembly/Disassembly of FRUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monitor Disassembly Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rear Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SpO2 Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Front Bezel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Display Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29 6-29 6-29 6-30 6-31 6-32 6-32 6-33 6-33 A Technical Specifications and Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4 NIBP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4 Ohmeda SpO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5 Nellcor SpO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 Masimo SpO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11 Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12 Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12 NIBP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12 Ohmeda SpO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13 Nellcor SpO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13 Masimo SpO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13 2037106-001B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor v B C Appropriate Use of NIBP Simulators . B-1 Appropriate Use of NIBP Simulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NIBP Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clinical vs. Simulator Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Do Simulator Manufacturers Say? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Why Use Simulators? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3 B-3 B-3 B-4 B-5 B-5 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC): CARESCAPE V100 Monitor . . . . . Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration – Electromagnetic Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration – Electromagnetic Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recommended Separation Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compliant Cables and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3 C-3 C-4 C-6 C-7 vi CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001B 1 Introduction For your notes 1-2 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Introduction: Revision History Revision History Each page of this manual has a revision letter located at the bottom of the page. This letter identifies the revision level of the entire manual. This may be important if you have different manuals and you do not know which is the most current. For the initial release, all pages have the revision letter A. For the second update, all pages receive the revision letter B. The latest letter of the alphabet added to the table below corresponds to the most current revision. Revision A B Release of new manual Updated CE marking information. Comment Manual Purpose This manual supplies technical information for service representatives and technical personnel so they can maintain the equipment to the assembly level. Use it as a guide for maintenance and electrical repairs considered field repairable. Where necessary the manual identifies additional sources of relevant information and technical assistance. See the operator's manual for the instructions necessary to operate the equipment safely in accordance with its function and intended use. Ordering Manuals A paper copy of this manual will be provided upon request. Contact your local GE representative and request the part number on the first page of the manual. Safety Information The information presented in this section is important for the safety of both the patient and operator. This chapter describes how the terms Danger, Warning, Caution, Important, and Note are used throughout the manual. In addition, standard equipment symbols are defined. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 1-3 Introduction: Safety Information Responsibility of the Manufacturer GE is responsible for the effects on safety, reliability, and performance only if: „ „ „ assembly operations, extensions, readjustments, modifications, or repairs are carried out by persons authorized by GE; the electrical installation of the relevant room complies with the requirements of appropriate regulations; and the monitor is used in accordance with the instructions of use. General This device is intended for use under the direct supervision of a licensed health care practitioner. This device is not intended for home use. Federal law restricts this device to be sold by or on the order of a physician. Contact GE for information before connecting any devices to the equipment that are not recommended in this manual. Parts and accessories used must meet the requirements of the applicable IEC/ EN 60601 series safety standards, and/or the system configuration must meet the requirements of the IEC 60601-1-1 medical electrical systems standard. Periodically, and whenever the integrity of the device is in doubt, test all functions. The use of ACCESSORY equipment not complying with the equivalent safety requirements of this equipment may lead to a reduced level of safety of the resulting system. Consideration relating to the choice shall include: „ „ use of the accessory in the PATIENT VICINITY; and evidence that the safety certification of the ACCESSORY has been performed in accordance to the appropriate IEC 60601-1 and/or IEC 60601-1-1 harmonized national standard. If the installation of the equipment, in the USA, will use 240V rather than 120V, the source must be a center-tapped, 240V, single-phase circuit. References to Persons, Places, and Institutions References to persons, places, and institutions used within this manual are solely intended to facilitate user comprehension of the V100 Monitor’s use and functions. Extreme care has been taken to use fictitious names and related information in the examples and illustrations provided herein. Any similarity of this data to persons either living or dead and to either current or previously existing medical institutions should be regarded as coincidental. 1-4 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Introduction: Safety Information Warnings, Cautions, and Notes The terms danger, warning, and caution are used throughout this manual to point out hazards and to designate a degree or level or seriousness. Familiarize yourself with their definitions and significance. Hazard is defined as a source of potential injury to a person. WARNING indicates a potential hazard or unsafe practice which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. CAUTION indicates a potential hazard or unsafe practice which, if not avoided, could result in minor personal injury or product/property damage. NOTE provides application tips or other useful information to assure that you get the most from your equipment. Product Specific Hazards WARNINGS Do not use the CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor in the presence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices. There have been reports of sensors causing patient burns when operating in an MRI environment. Do not use the Monitor in the presence of flammable anesthetics. The use of approved accessories will provide protection from burns during HF surgery. To help prevent unintended current return paths with the use of high frequency (HF) surgical equipment, ensure that the HF surgical neutral electrode is properly connected. To avoid personal injury, do not perform any servicing unless qualified to do so. These Monitors should not be used on patients who are connected to cardiopulmonary bypass machines. If powering the Monitor from an external power adapter or converter, use only GE Medical Systems Information Technologies-approved power adapters and converters. The Monitor does not include any user-replaceable fuses. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel. To reduce the risk of electric shock, do not remove the cover or the back. Refer servicing to a qualified service person. If the accuracy of any determination reading is questionable, first check the patient’s vital signs by alternate means and then check the V100 Monitor for proper functioning. Use of portable phones or other radio frequency (RF) emitting equipment near the system may cause unexpected or adverse operation. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 1-5 Introduction: Safety Information WARNINGS The equipment or system should not be used adjacent to, or stacked with, other equipment. If adjacent or stacked use is necessary, the equipment or system should be tested to verify normal operation in the configuration in which it is being used. The use of accessories, transducers and cables other than those specified may result in increased emissions or decreased immunity performance of the equipment or system. CAUTIONS Do not use replacement batteries other than the type supplied with the Monitor. Replacement batteries are available from GE Medical Systems - Accessories and Supplies. The V100 Monitor is designed to conform to Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard IEC 60601-1-2 and will operate accurately in conjunction with other medical equipment which also meets this requirement. To avoid interference problems affecting the Monitor, do not use the Monitor in the presence of equipment which does not conform to these specifications. Place the V100 Monitor on a rigid, secure surface. Monitor must only be used with mounting hardware, poles, and stands recommended by GE Medical Systems Information Technologies. The weight of the accessory basket contents should not exceed 5 lb (2.7kg). Arrange the external AC/DC power converter, air hoses, and all cables carefully so they do not constitute a hazard. Verify calibration of NIBP parameter (temperature and pulse oximeter do not require calibration). Ensure that the display is functioning properly before operating the V100 Monitor. Do not immerse the Monitor in water. If the Monitor is splashed with water or becomes wet, wipe it immediately with a dry cloth. Do not gas sterilize or autoclave. Caution should be taken to not set ALARM LIMITS to extreme values, as this can render the ALARM SYSTEM useless. The V100 Monitor, when used with GE Medical Systems Information Technologies-approved applied parts and accessories, is protected against defibrillator damage. NOTE: The electromagnetic compatibility profile of the V100 Monitor may change if accessories other than those specified for use with the V100 Monitor are used. 1-6 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Introduction: Equipment Symbols Equipment Symbols The following symbols are associated with the V100 Vital Signs Monitor. NOTE: The model of the monitor determines which symbols appear on it. Attention, consult accompanying documents Silence Alarms + / - Increase / decrease adjustable settings Menu Inflate/Stop Cycle History Print On/Off External communications port connector Battery Power Charging External DC power input Class II equipment according to IEC 60536 Defibrillator-proof type BF equipment 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 1-7 Introduction: Equipment Symbols Manufacturer: This symbol is accompanied by the name and the address of the manufacturer. Manufacturing Date: This symbol is accompanied by the date of the manufacturing. European authorized representative. Packaging label depicting the transportation and storage atmospheric pressure range of 500 to 1060 hPa. WASTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (WEEE): This symbol indicates that the waste of electrical and electronic equipment must not be disposed as unsorted municipal waste and must be collected separately. Please contact an authorized representative of the manufacturer for information concerning the decommissioning of your equipment. IPX1 The CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor is protected against vertically falling drops of water and conforms with the IEC 529 standard at level of IPX1. Vertically falling drops shall have no harmful effects to the Monitor. 1-8 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Introduction: Service Requirements Service Requirements Follow the service requirements listed below. „ „ „ „ Refer equipment servicing to GE Medical Systems Information Technologies authorized service personnel only. Any unauthorized attempt to repair equipment under warranty voids that warranty. It is the user’s responsibility to report the need for service to GE Medical Systems Information Technologies or to one of GE’s authorized agents. Failure on the part of the responsible individual, hospital or institution using this equipment to implement a satisfactory maintenance schedule may cause undue equipment failure and possible health hazards. Regular maintenance, irrespective of usage, is essential to ensure that the equipment will always be functional when required. „ Equipment ID The following graphic illustrates the components of the monitor’s serial number. GEMS IT Global Serial Number Format 13- Digit ### ## ## #### ## Misc. : Prototype, refurbish, etc. Manufacturing site Sequential serial number (up to 9999) Fiscal week Year 3-character product code Intended Audience This manual is intended for service representatives and technical personnel who maintain, troubleshoot, or repair this equipment. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 1-9 Introduction: Service Policy Intended Use General Use „ „ „ The V100 Monitor is intended to monitor one patient at a time in a clinical setting. Federal law (U.S.A.) restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician. To ensure patient safety, use only parts and accessories manufactured or recommended by GE Medical Systems Information Technologies. Parts and accessories used shall meet the requirements of EN60601.1.1. Disposable devices are intended for single use only. They should not be reused. Periodically, and whenever the integrity of the monitor is in doubt, test all functions. „ „ Related Manuals Manual 2036991-001 Title CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor Operator’s Manual Service Policy The warranty for this product is enclosed with the product in the shipper carton. All repairs on products under warranty must be performed or approved by Product Service personnel. Unauthorized repairs will void the warranty. Only qualified electronics service personnel should repair products not covered by warranty. Service Contracts Extended warranties can be purchased on most products. Contact your Sales Representative for details and pricing. Assistance If the product fails to function properly, or if assistance, service or spare parts are required, contact Customer Support. Before contacting Customer Support, it is helpful to attempt to duplicate the problem and to check all accessories to ensure that they are not the cause of the problem. If you are unable to resolve the problem after checking these items, contact GE Medical Systems Information Technologies. Prior to calling, please be prepared to provide: „ „ product name, model number, and serial number a complete description of the problem 1-10 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Introduction: Service Policy If repair parts or service are necessary, you will also be asked to provide: „ „ „ „ „ the product serial number the facility's complete name, address, and account number a purchase order number if the product is to need of repair or when you order spare parts the facility's GE Medical Systems Information Technologies account number, if possible the appropriate part number for spare or replacement parts Service If your product requires warranty, extended warranty or non-warranty repair service, call Customer Support and a representative will assist you. To facilitate prompt service in cases where the product has external chassis or case damage, please advise the Customer Support representative when you call. The Customer Support representative will record all necessary information and will provide you with a Return Merchandise Authorization Number (RMA). Prior to returning any product for repair, you must have a RMA number. Contact GE Medical Systems Information Technologies. Packing Instructions Follow these recommended packing instructions. „ „ „ Remove all hoses, cables, sensors, and power cords from the monitor before packing. Pack only the accessories you are requested to return; place them in a separate bag and insert the bag and the product inside the shipping carton. Use the original shipping carton and packing materials, if available. If the original shipping carton is not available: „ „ „ Place the product in a plastic bag and tie or tape the bag to prevent loose particles or materials from entering openings such as hose ports. Use a sturdy corrugated container to ship the product; tape securely to seal the container for shipping. Pack with 4 to 6 in. of padding on all sides of the product. Insurance Insurance is at the customer's discretion. The shipper must initiate claims for damage to the product. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 1-11 Introduction: Disposal of Product Waste Service No Charge Rental A no charge rental unit is provided at no charge during the warranty period of the product when we perform the repair service. „ „ „ GE Medical Systems Information Technologies pays the shipping charges for a loaner sent to the customer for product repairs under the warranty. Rental units are available in non-warranty situations. The customer pays the shipping charges to return a rental. All loaners provided to customers must be returned within the specified time stated on the loaner agreement or a rental fee will be incurred. Repair Parts Repair parts can be ordered from GE Medical Systems Information Technologies: Via phone: 1-800-558-7044, or Via FAX: 1-800-421-6841 Exchange replacement assemblies such as Circuit Board Assemblies also are available; ask the Customer Support representative for details. Please allow one working day for confirmation of your order. All orders must include the following information. „ „ „ „ Facility's complete name, address, and phone number FAX number Your purchase order number Your GE Medical Systems Information Technologies account number Disposal of Product Waste As you use the V100 Monitor, you will accumulate solid wastes that require proper disposal or recycling. These include batteries, patient applied parts, and packaging material. Batteries CAUTION Do not incinerate batteries. The sealed, rechargeable backup battery contains lead and can be recycled. The rechargeable memory battery is of the Sealed Lead Acid form. Discharge this battery prior to disposal. Place the battery in packaging which electrically isolates its contents. Do not puncture or place the battery in a trash compactor. Do not incinerate the battery or expose it to fire or high temperatures. Dispose in accordance with regional body controlled guideline. 1-12 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Introduction: Disposal of Product Waste Patient Applied Parts Certain patient applied parts, such as those with adhesive (disposable SpO2 sensors), are intended for single use and should be disposed of properly as medical waste in accordance with regional body controlled guideline. Other patient applied parts, such as blood pressure cuffs, should be cleaned according to instructions. Inspect reusable applied parts for wear, replace as necessary, and dispose of used product as medical waste in accordance with regional body controlled guideline. Packaging Material Retain original packaging materials for future use in storing or shipping the Monitor and accessories. This recommendation includes corrugated shippers and inserts. Whenever possible recycle the packaging of accessories and patient applied parts. Monitor At the end of its service life, the product described in this manual, as well as its accessories, must be disposed of in compliance with the guidelines regulating the disposal of such products. If you have questions concerning disposal of the product, please contact GE Medical Systems Information Technologies or its representatives. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 1-13 Introduction: Disposal of Product Waste 1-14 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B 2 Equipment Overview For your notes 2-2 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Equipment Overview: Equipment Description Equipment Description The CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor provides a small, portable, easy-to-use monitoring alternative for sub-acute hospital and non-hospital settings. The V100 is for use on adult, pediatric, or neonatal patients—one at a time. The battery-operated monitor offers noninvasive determination of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation, and temperature. Monitors are available with or without integrated printers as well as the following parameters and technologies. „ „ „ NIBP, Pulse: SuperSTAT, Auscultatory, Classic SpO2: Ohmeda TruSignal, Nellcor, or Masimo Temperature: Alaris Turbo Temp The model of the monitor determines which parameters are in your monitor. Please refer to applicable sections. Using the V100 Monitor, a clinician can measure, display, and record patient vital sign data that is derived from each parameter. The monitor is also capable of alerting the clinician to changes in the patient’s condition or when it is unable to effectively monitor the patient’s condition. All of the main operations of the V100 Monitor are easy-to-use and only a button-touch away. Please review the factory default settings and, where applicable, enter settings appropriate for your use. Product Configurations Each CARESCAPE V100 Monitor is supplied with an accessory pack. The contents of the pack vary according to model. Unpack the items carefully, and check them against the checklists enclosed within the accessory boxes. If an accessory is missing or if an item is in a nonworking condition, contact GE Medical Systems Information Technologies Customer Service immediately. It is recommended that all the packaging be retained, in case the V100 Monitor must be returned for service in the future. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2-3 Equipment Overview: Basic Components Basic Components Buttons 1. Silence button: mutes audible alarms. Any other active alarm that can be acknowledged is also removed whenever this key is pressed. When pressed, the silence icon (bell) lights red to indicate that audible alarms have been silenced for 2 minutes. Alarm silence can be cancelled by pressing the Silence button again. Alarms button: used to view or adjust parameter alarm limit settings. +/- buttons (Plus/Minus): used when you are in the following modes: limit, menu, cycle, and history. When you are in limit or menu setting, pressing the +/- button increases and decreases an adjustable setting. When you are in cycle or history mode, pressing the +/- buttons displays the next or previous cycle selection or entry in the history list, respectively. When you reach the beginning or ending of a list, a negative key-click sounds. Menu button: accesses menu settings that can be adjusted: INFLATE PRESSURE (ADULT and NEONATE), ALARM VOLUME, and PULSE VOLUME. (Refer to Operating Modes in this section for a description of clinical mode.) NOTE: ADULT indicator encompasses both adult and pediatric patients. SpO2 sensor connector: attach SpO2 cables here. NIBP connector: attach NIBP cuff hoses here. Inflate/Stop button: starts a manual NIBP determination or stop any NIBP determination. Temperature probe holster: stores temperature probe. Cycle button: used to select NIBP mode of manual, auto cycle, or Stat mode. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Temperature probe cover storage: stores probe covers. 2-4 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Equipment Overview: Front Panel 11. History button: activates the history mode to view stored patient data. The most recent entries are displayed first. Press and hold the button for 2 seconds to clear all entries stored; the adaptive inflate pressure setting returns to the configured setting. Refer to the “History” Section of this manual for more information. 12. Print button: prints currently displayed values or all stored entries when in history mode. 13. On/Off button: controls on/off state of monitor; push for power on and push again for power off. 14. Temperature probe connector: attach temperature probe cable here. Front Panel Systolic MAP/Cuff 15 16 Diastolic HIGH LOW ADULT NEONATE AUTO CYCLE HIGH 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 INFLATE PRESSURE ALARM VOLUME PULSE VOLUME HISTORY LOW 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 30 31 29 32 30 C F Pulse Rate BATTERY OK HIGH LOW HIGH LOW CHARGING SpO Temperature 31 33 15. Silence icon: silences audible alarms for 2 minutes; silence icon (bell) lights. 16. Systolic window: indicates measured systolic NIBP in mmHg. 17. Diastolic window: indicates measured diastolic NIBP in mmHg. 18. INFLATE PRESSURE indicator: flashes to indicate you are making a change to the inflation pressure. Adjustable for adult/ped and neonate patients. 19. ALARM VOLUME indicator: flashes to indicate you are making a change to the alarm volume. 20. PULSE VOLUME indicator: flashes to indicate you are making a change to the pulse volume. 21. Pulse Rate window: shows pulse rate in beats per minute. 22. SpO2 pulse indicator: flashing red LED bar indicates that pulses are being derived from SpO2 signals. 23. SpO2 window: indicates oxygen saturation in %. 24. MAP/Cuff window: indicates measured mean arterial pressure (MAP) in mmHg and shows cuff pressure during NIBP determination. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2-5 Equipment Overview: Front Panel 25. ADULT indicator: lights to indicate you are making a change to adult/ped NIBP limits or inflation pressure settings. 26. NEONATE indicator: lights to indicate you are making a change to neonate NIBP limits or inflation pressure settings. 27. AUTO CYCLE indicator: lights green to indicate auto mode is the chosen NIBP mode; flashes to indicate you are making a change to the auto mode. 28. Min window: displays the NIBP mode if manual or Stat as well as the cycle time when taking auto NIBP determinations. 29. HISTORY indicator: flashes to indicate you are in history mode. 30. BATTERY OK indicator: lights green to indicate the monitor is operating on battery power and that the battery is sufficiently charged. 31. BATTERY LOW indicator: lights amber to indicate low charge for the battery (45 min or less when solid; 5 min or less when flashing). 32. CHARGING indicator: lights green to indicate presence of external power source and battery charging. 33. Temperature window: lights 4-digit red LED to indicate measured temperature. 2-6 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Equipment Overview: Product Compliance Product Compliance The CARESCAPE V100 Monitor is classified in the following categories for compliance with IEC 60601-1: „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ Internally powered or Class II when powered from external supply Transportable For continuous operation Not suitable for use in the presence of flammable anesthetics Not for use in the presence of an oxygen-enriched atmosphere (oxygen tent) Type BF applied parts IPX1, degree of protection against ingress of water Sterilization/Disinfection, see Appendix C “Maintenance” Software is developed in accordance with IEC 60601-1-4. This equipment is suitable for connection to public mains via power adaptors as defined in CISPR 11. The SpO2 parameter complies to ISO 9919:2005. Defibrillation protected. When used with the recommended accessories, the monitor is protected against the effects of defibrillator discharge. If monitoring is disrupted by the defibrillation, the monitor will recover. CARESCAPE V100 Monitor Classified with respect to electric shock, fire, and mechanical and other specified hazards only in accordance with CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 60601.1. Also evaluated to IEC-60601-2-30. This product conforms with the essential requirements of the Medical Device Directive 93/42. Accessories without the CE mark are not guaranteed to meet the Essential Requirements of the Medical Device Directive. The CARESCAPE V100 Monitor is protected against vertically falling drops of water and conforms with the IEC 529 standard at level of IPX1. No harmful effects will come of vertically falling drops of water making contact with the monitor. 0459 IPX1 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2-7 Equipment Overview: Theory of Operation Theory of Operation Introduction This section provides overall theory of operation and functional description of the V100 Monitor. Monitors are available with or without integrated printers as well as the following parameters and technologies. „ „ „ NIBP, Pulse: DINAMAP SuperSTAT, Auscultatory, Classic SpO2: Ohmeda TruSignal, Nellcor, or Masimo Temperature: Alaris Turbo Temp The model of the monitor determines which parameters are in your monitor. Please refer to applicable sections. Using the V100 Monitor, a clinician can measure, display, and record patient vital sign data that is derived from each parameter. The monitor is also capable of alerting the clinician to changes in the patient’s condition or when it is unable to effectively monitor the patient’s condition. All of the main operations of the V100 Monitor are easy-to-use and only a button-touch away. Please review the factory default settings and, where applicable, enter settings appropriate for your use. Overall Principles of Operation The V100 Monitor is a portable unit that receives power from an internal rechargeable Lead Acid Battery. When the ON/OFF button is pressed, the Main Board is brought out of a sleep mode and turns on the power regulators. The power regulators provide conditioned power from the Lead Acid Battery. The external DC source is used only to charge the Lead Acid Battery. Once the V100 Monitor is energized, a selftest is performed. The self-test automatically tests the main functions of the V100 Monitor. Failure of the self-test will set the V100 Monitor into a fail-safe mode with an audio alarm. Under normal operating conditions, the V100 Monitor is ready to record the patient vital signs using three external attachments: the temperature probe, SpO2 sensor, and cuff. Interface with a central station or other device is accomplished through the host communication port on the back of the V100 Monitor. NOTES „ „ Prior to each use, inspect the power supply cord to ensure proper connection and condition. Be sure to unplug the Monitor before transport. 2-8 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Equipment Overview: Overall Principles of Operation SpO2 The SpO2 probe has a built-in sensor. When the SpO2 sensor is attached to the SpO2 connector and patient, the probe senses both heart rate and oxygen saturation. The analog signals are routed to the SpO2 PWA (Ohmeda, Nellcor, or Masimo). The analog signals are analyzed on the SpO2 PWA. The results are digitized and sent to the Main Board via opto couplers. The couplers provide patient isolation as well as serial data interface. The Main Board temporarily stores the data and routes it to the UI Board for display and/or printer. A reset signal to the SpO2 PWA is also provided so that power up sequencing is correct. If the SpO2 circuit quits communicating to the Main Board, the Main Board will attempt to reset the SpO2 PWA. Cuff Blood Pressure (NIBP) and Pulse The NIBP parameter in the V100 Monitor is available with three types of DINAMAP NIBP technologies: two calibrated to intra-arterial pressure (Classic and SuperSTAT) and one calibrated to the auscultatory method (Auscultatory). Specific technologies are available in select markets. All user interface options, instructions for use, and alarms will be the same for all technologies. The NIBP parameter is included in all models. Blood pressure is monitored noninvasively in the V100 Monitor by oscillometric method. NOTE: For neonatal populations, the reference is always the intra-arterial pressure monitoring method. When the cuff and hose are attached to the V100 Monitor and a Non-Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP) determination is initiated, the pump inflates the cuff. Pressure transducers PT1 and PT2 monitor pressure information. The pneumatic manifold has one valve, which is used to deflate the cuff. Valve control is through the Main Board. Once determinations are made for the systolic NIBP and diastolic NIBP, the Main Board calculates the pulse rate/ Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). The results are then displayed on the UI Board and sent to the printer (if the user presses the Print button). The Pneumatics are controlled by the NIBP processor. The NIBP processor monitors pressure information from PT2. If an over-inflation condition occurs, the OVERPRESSURE signal is routed to the Pneumatics to release the air pressure. The Main Board also generates an alarm condition with the speaker sounding and error code message on the UI Board. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2-9 Equipment Overview: DINAMAP SuperSTAT Algorithm DINAMAP SuperSTAT Algorithm The oscillometric method of determining NIBP is accomplished by a sensitive transducer which measures cuff pressure and pressure oscillations within the cuff. For the first determination taken on a patient, the algorithm stores the pattern of the patient's oscillation size as a function of the pressure steps. For subsequent manual, auto, or Stat determinations taken within 2 minutes of a previous determination of the same patient, as few as four pressure steps may be necessary to complete the determination process. In auto mode the data is stored for up to 16 minutes. When employing fewer pressure steps, the system uses the stored information from the previous blood pressure determination to decide the best pressure steps to take. The algorithm measures the consistency of pulse size to tell if the oscillations taken at a step are good and if more steps are needed. The first determination settles at an initial target pressure of 135 mmHg (adult mode) and 100 mmHg (neonate mode), depending on initial target pressure preset. To allow for rapid settling of cuff pressure, the monitor will momentarily inflate to a higher pressure then immediately deflate to the target pressure. After inflating the cuff, the NIBP parameter begins to deflate. The oscillations versus cuff pressure are measured to determine the mean pressure and calculate the systolic and diastolic pressures. During an NIBP determination, the parameter deflates the cuff one step each time it detects two pulsations of relatively equal amplitude. The time between deflation steps depends on the frequency of these matched pulses (pulse rate of the patient). However, if the monitor is unable to find any pulse within several seconds, it will deflate to the next step. The process of finding two matched pulses at each step provides artifact rejection due to patient movement and greatly enhances the accuracy of the monitor. The figure shows a full determination sequence for an adult patient. In Stat mode, some steps may require only one pulse. Full NIBP determination sequence for adult At each step the microprocessor stores cuff pressure, the matched pulse amplitude, and the time between successive pulses. The stepped deflation and matched pulse detection continues until diastolic pressure is determined or total cuff pressure falls below 8 mmHg. The parameter then deflates the cuff (to zero detected pressure), analyzes the stored data, and updates the screen. 2-10 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Equipment Overview: DINAMAP SuperSTAT Algorithm The operating cycle is composed of four parts: inflation time, deflation time, evaluation time, and wait time. Wait time, which varies from mode to mode, is affected by the cycle time (auto mode) or operator intervention (manual mode). The figure shows the basic operating cycle for an NIBP determination. Inflation Time CUFF PRESSURE Wait Time Evaluation Time Deflation Time Determination Time Cycle Time TIME SuperSTAT NIBP - auto mode Systolic Search If systolic pressure is not found, the SuperSTAT algorithm can search at cuff pressures higher than the initial target pressure. The algorithm will inflate above the initial target pressure to obtain more data in the systolic region. The pressure is limited to the maximum allowed for the selected patient type. The SuperSTAT algorithm evaluates the data obtained during the determination, and the prior determination if it is available, to determine if additional data is needed to complete the determination. It can then selectively pump to a single cuff pressure to obtain the data it needs and then return to the existing deflation sequence. This search process makes SuperSTAT more efficient. Accuracy of the DINAMAP NIBP measurements was validated against the intraarterial method. Do not use the auscultatory method to verify the accuracy of the SuperSTAT NIBP parameter. The auscultatory method (using the cuff and stethoscope) determines the systolic and diastolic pressures from sounds that occur during cuff deflation. Mean arterial pressure cannot be determined by this method. The oscillometric method used with all DINAMAP technologies determines systolic, mean and diastolic pressures for the oscillations that occur in the cuff during deflation. WARNING Arrhythmias will increase the time required by the NIBP parameter to determine a blood pressure. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2-11 Equipment Overview: DINAMAP Classic and Auscultatory Reference Algorithm DINAMAP Classic and Auscultatory Reference Algorithm The oscillometric method of determining NIBP is accomplished by a sensitive transducer, which measures cuff pressure and minute pressure oscillations within the cuff. The first determination sequence initially pumps up to a cuff pressure of about 160 mmHg for adult/pediatric patients or 110 mmHg for neonates depending on initial target pressure preset. After inflating the cuff, the monitor begins to deflate it and measures systolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, and diastolic pressure. When the diastolic pressure has been determined, the monitor finishes deflating the cuff and updates the screen. The monitor deflates the cuff one step each time it detects two pulsations of relatively equal amplitude. The time between deflation steps depends on the frequency of these matched pulses (pulse rate of the patient). However, if the monitor is unable to find any pulse within several seconds, it will deflate to the next step. The process of finding two matched pulses at each step provides artifact rejection due to patient movement and greatly enhances the accuracy of the monitor. The figure shows the NIBP determination sequence. NIBP determination sequence At each step the microprocessor stores cuff pressure, the matched pulse amplitude, and the time between successive pulses. The stepped deflation and matched pulse detection continues until diastolic pressure is determined or total cuff pressure falls below 7 mmHg. The monitor then deflates the cuff (to zero detected pressure), analyzes the stored data, and updates the screen. 2-12 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Equipment Overview: DINAMAP Classic and Auscultatory Reference Algorithm The operating cycle is composed of four parts: inflation time, deflation time, evaluation time, and wait time. Wait time, which varies from mode to mode, is affected by the cycle time (auto mode) or operator intervention (manual mode). The figure shows the basic operating cycle. NIBP operating cycle Systolic Search If systolic pressure is not found, the NIBP parameter can search at cuff pressures higher than the initial target pressure. The parameter will inflate the cuff above the initial target pressure to get more data in the systolic region. The pressure is limited to the maximum allowed for the selected patient type. In any operating mode, if a patient's systolic pressure exceeds the inflation pressure of the monitor, the monitor will begin normal deflation sequence, detect the absence of a systolic value, stop deflation, reinflate to a higher (than initial) inflation pressure, and resume normal deflation sequence. In manual mode, if a previous valid systolic pressure is displayed and less than 2 minutes old, and the new systolic pressure oscillations are compared with the previous valid determination and the monitor "thinks" that the systolic was not obtained, the monitor will inflate the cuff to a pressure above the immediately preceding inflation. Reference Used to Determine NIBP Accuracy To establish accuracy of an NIBP device, manufacturers have used several different types of references. The reference blood pressures may be obtained by invasive pressure monitoring at the central aortic region or at the radial sites. The reference blood pressures may also be obtained by noninvasive methods like auscultatory method (using cuff and stethoscope). NOTE: For neonatal mode, the reference is always the intra-arterial pressure monitoring method. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2-13 Equipment Overview: Functional Description CARESCAPE V100 Monitors With Intra-Arterial Reference (DINAMAP SuperSTAT and Classic Technology) For these monitors, the NIBP is referenced to the invasive blood pressure obtained at the central aortic region. CARESCAPE V100 Monitors With Auscultatory Reference (DINAMAP Auscultatory Reference Technology) In these monitors, the reference blood pressure is the auscultatory method for adult and pediatric populations. For neonatal populations, the reference is the invasive blood pressure obtained at the central aortic region. NOTE: For neonatal determinations the SuperSTAT algorithm is always used. Temperature The V100 Monitor uses Alaris Turbo Temp technology to measure patient temperature. The Turbo Temp probe contains a heating element that preheats the probe to reduce determination time. The heating function is controlled by the Main Board. The Turbo Temp probe also contains a thermistor that indicates the temperature. When the probe is attached to the temperature connector and patient, the signal generated by the thermistor is routed to the Main Board. The Main Board converts the thermistor signal along with status information (i.e., ORAL or RECTAL probe indicators) to a DIGITAL signal. The Main Board then processes the DIGITAL signal and displays the patient temperature on the UI Board and printer in Celsius or Fahrenheit. Host Communication Port The Host Comm Port is used to interface the V100 Monitor with other electronic devices (a central nurse's station or remote alarm device.) Signals can be sent to the V100 Monitor to initiate blood pressure determinations and other functions. Patient data can also be retrieved through this port. For further information, reference the Host Communication manual. Functional Description The following paragraphs provide the functional interface relationship. The V100 Monitor contains a number of electrical & electro-mechanical assemblies. These assemblies are: „ „ „ „ „ „ Main Board PWA User Interface (UI) Board PWA SPO2 PWA (optional) Printer (optional) Pneumatic Valve/Manifold (PVM) Optical Switch (optional) 2-14 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Equipment Overview: Functional Description Main Board PWA The V100 Main Board is based on the NXD LPC2366 integrated microprocessor. The microprocessor integrates Flash ROM, RAM, A/D converter with input multiplexer, SPI interface, and timers into one chip. This microprocessor is the primary processor for the V100 Monitor. It services and controls the Patient Parameter Interface (PPI) devices, printer, UI Board, Real Time Clock, audio circuit, and host communication. There are three TI MSP430 secondary processors that control Power, NIBP and Temperature. The Power Processor controls the watchdog, primary processor reset, and power supply control. The Power processor is powered at all times. The NIBP processor controls pneumatic safety interlock, timing check, and NIBP control. The temperature processor controls the temperature parameter. Independent software in the primary and secondary processor periodically communicate when the software systems are operating properly. When either system stops processing or detects an error, it stops communicating with the other. Either system, upon detecting a failure, can assert a safe state (herein called FAILSAFE) of the hardware. Upon entering a FAILSAFE condition, the Main Board will perform the following tasks: „ „ „ „ „ „ Parameter monitoring disabled Alarm tone sounding from speaker Pneumatic FAILSAFE (deflate the cuff, pump off) Normal communications interface disabled Remote alarm is in alarm state Hard keys except ON/OFF key inactive The ON/OFF key can reset the Monitor and end the FAILSAFE condition. The FAILSAFE condition will terminate automatically after 5 minutes to preserve battery power. All regulated DC power, isolated and non-isolated is generated on the Main Board from Battery supply. The external DC input is used to charge the battery via charging circuitry on the Main Board. User Interface (UI) Board PWA The UI Board is used as a message center. It displays patient vital signs, alarms status, monitor set-up, limit violation, NIBP cycle and the time the data was received. The primary processor on the Main Board controls the UI Board. When the primary processor reads the parameter signals, it decodes the signals and routes the display information to the UI Board. The UI assembly also provides hardkey switches for the V100 Main Board. The primary processor asserts a HIGH on the 16 outputs of the 1-of-16 decoder/ demultiplexer one at a time and then reads at the signal on SW_MUX. A LOW on SW_MUX indicates that the switch is asserted. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2-15 Equipment Overview: Functional Description SpO2 PWA The V100 Monitor can be configured for use with either a Ohmeda, Nellcor, or Masimo SpO2 PWA. The SpO2 PWA provides continuous readings of oxygen saturation and pulse rate. Additional circuitry on the Main Board provides power, data communications, and isolation between SpO2 PWA and primary processor. Patient data received from the finger sensor is filtered, amplified, and analyzed on the SpO2 PWA. The information is sent to the Main Board via the optically coupled electrically isolated serial connection. The primary processor receives the data and routes it to the UI board for display. The data is also sent to the printer if specified Printer The printer receives power from the Main Board and communicates with the primary processor. Printer presence and print head temperature is indicated by PR_TH signal to the primary processor. When a print command is sent to the printer from the primary processor, the following will occur: „ „ „ „ „ PR_CLK signal - transfer the data into print head PR_DI signal - serial dot to be printed PR_LAT signal - latch the data stream into the head PR_ST1-6 - cause the head to print various sections PR_M1-4 signals - control power sequentially to the two stepper motor windings Together these signals (CONTROL DATA) cause the printer to print a graphic hardcopy of the patient vital sign values and trend data. It also causes the printer to print a hardcopy of error logging and service record data. The printer has a built-in sensor to monitor the printer paper presence. When the printer is out of paper, it sends a PAPER OUT signal to the primary processor. Pneumatics The pneumatics consists of a pump, a deflate valve, and a dump valve. The pneumatics inflates/deflates the cuff during NIBP determinations. During normal operation the pneumatics are controlled by the primary processor. If a failsafe mode or overpressure condition occurs, the NIBP processor provides the appropriate control signals to insure a safe condition, where the cuff vents to ambient atmosphere pressure. Optical Switch The optical switch indicates whether the temperature probe is inserted in the probe holder or not. The Main Board powers the switch. 2-16 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B 2037106-001 B Unit Block Diagram Main Board SpO2 Circuit Isolated DC Power Supply Tubing Control PT1/PT2 NIBP Data Interface UI Board Switches Display LEDS SpO2 Probe (Optional) BP Cuff Temp Control/Data Optical Switch Temp Control Tubing Pump/Valve Manifold Temp Probe (optional) External DC 6V Battery Audio Control Printer Driver Control/Data Speaker Printer Equipment Overview: Functional Description CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor Host Comm Port(rear) Control/Data RS 232 Remote Alarm 2-17 Equipment Overview: Functional Description 2-18 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B 3 Installation For your notes 3-2 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Installation: Connections Connections Right-Side Panel 1 1. External DC power socket: used with approved GE Medical Systems Information Technologies AC-DC power converter ONLY. Rear Panel 3 2 2. Data interface connector: host communications port (15 pin D-type RS-232 serial port) for use only with equipment conforming to IEC 60601-1, configured to comply with IEC 60601-1-1. Printer door. 3. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 3-3 Installation: Connections Powering the Monitor Power Sources The V100 Monitor is designed to operate from an internal lead-acid battery. NOTE:The V100 Monitor is not designed to operate without a functional internal battery. Battery Charging Prior to each use, inspect the power supply cord to ensure proper connection and condition. With external DC power connected, the green CHARGING indicator will light to indicate that the battery is charging. This indicator remains active whether the unit is on or off. An audible "two beep" sounds whenever the DC charger is connected/disconnected. Battery charging will take place as long as the monitor remains connected to an external DC power source. „ Sys to lic HIGH LOW Diast MAP/ Cuff olic HIGH LOW AUTO CYCL E HISTO RY Charge battery pack for 12 hours before first use or after prolonged periods of storage. If the monitor is idle for extended periods, it should be fully charged at least once a month to ensure optimum performance. Pulse SpO Rate HIGH LOW HIGH LOW Tem pera ture C F „ „ The battery pack should be charged before use, because a charged battery loses charge when left in storage. Sealed lead acid batteries can discharge to less than 80% of charge within 60 days of storage. Charging is done automatically by the monitor when the external DC power is connected. The battery pack should be charged at room temperature (59°F to 86°F; 16°C to 30°C). You can charge or top-off the battery pack at any time. Do not have to wait until battery is fully discharged. To prolong the life of the battery, keep the monitor connected to a DC power supply whenever possible. Do not allow the battery to become completely discharged. A fully charged battery will power the monitor for approximately 8-11 hours, depending upon configuration and usage. To ensure full charge cycles, replace only with a the specified battery. If the monitor is to be stored for some time, first charge the battery and then remove it and store it separately from the monitor. „ „ „ „ „ „ 3-4 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Installation: Connections BATTERY OK When the Monitor is operating on battery power and the BATTERY LOW alarm is not active, the BATTERY OK indicator is backlit green. Battery Alarms When about 45 minutes of battery charge remains: The low-priority BATTERY LOW alarm is issued. ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ The BATTERY LOW indicator illuminates. This alarm can be silenced by pressing the Silence button. The BATTERY LOW alarm will re-alarm every 10 minutes after it’s been silenced. If the alarm is not silenced, the alarm is re-issued every 8 seconds. The monitor continues to operate normally. When about 5 minutes of battery charge remains: The low-priority BATTERY LOW alarm escalates to a high-priority BATTERY LOW alarm. ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ The BATTERY LOW indicator flashes. Any NIBP determination in progress at the time of the alarm escalation is allowed to finish. Any Stat mode cycle that was initiated before the alarm escalation is allowed to finish. The user is not able to initiate: ‹ ‹ any new NIBP determinations of any type any printouts NOTE: At this time, it is highly recommended to plug the monitor into external DC power. When 5 minutes of battery charge expires: After 5 minutes of high-priority BATTERY LOW alarm, the monitor enters a battery low shutdown. ‹ ‹ ‹ No error code is displayed. The BATTERY LOW indicator flashes. The monitor alarms for 2.5 minutes then shuts down completely. CAUTION You must plug the monitor into DC power before resuming monitoring. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 3-5 Installation: Unpacking and Preparation for Installation After plugging the monitor into DC power: ‹ ‹ The BATTERY LOW indicator (when the monitor is on) and CHARGING indicator illuminate. The BATTERY LOW indicator turns off when the battery level reaches a sufficient charge level to operate without the BATTERY LOW alarm active. E13 Battery Low At any time while the high-priority BATTERY LOW alarm is active, certain actions can trigger the E13 BATTERY LOW alarm: any attempt to start an NIBP determination or a printout. This alarm is giving you additional warning that the battery charge is critically low. NOTE: At this time, it is highly recommended to plug the monitor into external DC power. ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ The E13 error code appears in the min window. The BATTERY LOW indicator flashes. This alarm can be silenced by pressing the Silence button. The user is not able to initiate: ‹ ‹ any new NIBP determinations of any type any printouts Unpacking and Preparation for Installation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Unpack and identify the contents of all shipping materials. Remove the V100 Monitor. Unpack the AC cord. Plug the AC cord into the AC Mains input on the external power supply, and plug the supply DC output into the back of the Monitor. Plug the AC cord into a Hospital Grounded AC receptacle. The word CHARGING will illuminate green on the front of the Monitor indicating that an AC source is available. Prior to usage it is necessary to charge the Monitor for 12 hours. This charge calibrates the battery charging circuitry with the charge status of the battery. 3-6 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Installation: Configuring Your V100 Monitor Configuring Your V100 Monitor Operating Modes The V100 Monitor can operate in one of four modes: clinical, configuration, advanced configuration, and service. Clinical Mode Clinical mode is the Monitor’s normal operating mode. While this mode is active, alarm limits and a few other commonly used settings are adjustable. All parameters are available for monitoring in this mode. Configuration Mode Configuration and advanced configuration modes display the software revision and allow you to configure defaults for some settings that are available in clinical mode, as well as some less commonly used settings that are only adjustable in these modes. A fatal error history is also available in the advanced configuration mode. No parameters are operable in these modes, therefore, patient monitoring is suspended. Configuration Mode Settings Monitor settings such as HIGH/LOW alarm settings changed in the Clinical Mode will not be retained after the monitor is powered off. To retain alarm and parameter settings, the changes must be done in the configuration mode. Date/ Time settings are also entered in the configuration mode. To enter the configuration mode: with the Monitor off, press and hold the Menu button at the same time as pressing and holding the On/Off button for 3 seconds. The Monitor enters the configuration mode. For a few seconds immediately after power up in this mode, the Systolic and Diastolic windows display the major and minor version codes. The version codes are numbers that represent the letters of the English alphabet, which are designated to the currently loaded version of the monitor firmware (e.g., 1 indicates A, 2 indicates B, etc.). At the same time, the NIBP Algorithm selected in the monitor is displayed in the “min” (minutes display) window as follows: „ „ „ AUSC if the monitor is configured with auscultatory NIBP Algorithm STAT if the monitor is configured with DINAMAP SuperSTAT Algorithm CLAS if the monitor is configured with DINAMAP Classic Algorithm Display Major software revision Minor software revision Type of NIBP technology Window Systolic Diastolic min 3-7 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor Installation: Configuring Your V100 Monitor These displays appear only during the first part of the power up sequence and are not selectable and cannot be changed. After a moment, this version information is cleared, and the monitor displays the 1st page of configuration mode which simply displays CFG in the Systolic window. Pressing the Menu button cycles through all the configuration option pages. After all options pages have been displayed, the display returns to the 1st configuration mode page (displaying CFG). You can use the + and - buttons to make changes to settings. After making changes, simply cycle the power to return to normal operation (clinical) mode. Changes are automatically retained. The Menu selections appear in the following order. Refer the each manual section for settings options. NOTE:Menu selections for SpO2 settings are different depending upon the SpO2 technology your monitor contains. Setting Inflate pressure (adult/ped) Inflate pressure (neonate) Line frequency mode (Ohmeda TruSignal only) SpO2 mode (Nellcor only) SpO2 sat (Nellcor only) SpO2 mode (Masimo only) SpO2 sat (Masimo only) SpO2 sensitivity (Masimo only) Window Systolic LED Display XXX (numeric) Pulse Rate Window Display XXX (numeric) Comment ADULT indicator illuminated, INFLATE PRESSURE indicator flashing NEONATE indicator illuminated, INFLATE PRESSURE indicator flashing AC line frequency User selects the averaging technique* 1=Normal Response, 2= Fast Response User selects the SMART Sat tolerance level * User selects the number of seconds over which data is averaged 4 to 16* Fast Sat Mode 0=Off, 1=On* 1= Low Perfusion-Maximized, 2= Low Perfusion-Default, 3= for engaging Adaptive Probe Off Technology algorithm* C or F indicator illuminated Systolic XXX (numeric) XXX (numeric) SpO2 SpO2 50 or 60 1 or 2 SpO2 SpO2 0, 10, 25, 50, 100 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 SpO2 SpO2 0 or 1 1, 2, 3 Temperature Temperature blank 3-8 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Installation: Configuring Your V100 Monitor Setting Year Month Day Hour Minute Mode (when main screen is active) Window Systolic MAP/Cuff Diastolic min min Systolic LED Display XXX (numeric) XXX (numeric) XXX (numeric) XXX (numeric) XXX (numeric) blank Pulse Rate Window Display Comment use + & - keys to change use + & - keys to change use + & - keys to change use + & - keys to change use + & - keys to change indicates configuration mode NOTE: Refer to the “SpO2” Section of Operators Manual for detailed descriptions of the different user selectable SpO2 settings. Setting the Date and Time – To set the date and time on the V100 Monitor, you must access the configuration mode. Press Menu to skip the default settings that do not require changes. Refer to the table above. NOTE: While in configuration mode, all entries stored in the clinical history are erased when the time and/or date is changed. Procedures 1. Press the Menu button to move from one setting to another. Use the +/buttons to increment or decrement the setting. NOTE: For the date and time to be saved, you must advance the menu through the minute setting. 2. 3. To exit the configuration mode, press the On/Off button. To continue with other changes, press the Menu button. CFG will appear in the Systolic window. To change parameter settings, press the Menu button and select the parameter function. To change alarm settings, press the Alarms button. Inflation Pressure Default Setting – Procedures 1. Enter the configuration mode: with the Monitor off, press and hold the Menu button at the same time as pressing and holding the On/Off button for 3 seconds. Use the +/- buttons to increment or decrement the inflate pressure default setting. To exit the configuration mode, turn the unit off. To continue with additional configuration settings, press Menu. 2. 3. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 3-9 Installation: Configuring Your V100 Monitor Alarm Default Settings – Procedures 1. Enter the configuration mode: with the Monitor off, press and hold the Menu button at the same time as pressing and holding the On/Off button for 3 seconds. After the unit enters the configuration mode, press Alarms. At any point in the configuration mode menu, Alarms default can be selected. To set or change the default setting, press the Alarms button to select alarm setting. Use the +/- buttons to increment or decrement the individual settings. NOTE: For the Alarms default setting to be saved, you must advance the menu through the SpO2 settings. 3. To exit the configuration mode, turn the unit off. To continue with additional configuration settings, press Menu. 2. SpO2 Configuration Settings – Procedure for units with Ohmeda TruSignal Technology 1. 2. 3. 4. With the monitor off, press and hold the Menu button at the same time as pressing the On/Off button until the display test completes. Press the Menu button until LF appears in the Pulse Rate window. Use the +/- buttons to select the option. To exit the configuration mode, turn the unit off. To continue with additional configuration settings, press the Menu button. CAUTIONS The LF mode must be set according to each country’s electrical power utilities implementation. The LF mode must be checked and reset any time the monitor is set to or reverts to factory default settings. If the LF mode is set incorrectly, the susceptibility to ambient light is increased and low perfusion performance may be effected resulting in inaccurate readings. Procedure for units with Nellcor Technology 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. With the monitor off, press and hold the Menu button at the same time as pressing the On/Off button until the display test completes. Press the Menu button until n0d (response mode) appears in the Pulse Rate window. Use the +/- buttons to select the option. Press the Menu button once. SAt (SatSeconds) appears in the Pulse Rate window. Use the +/- buttons to select the option. 3-10 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Installation: Configuring Your V100 Monitor 6. To exit the configuration mode, turn the unit off. To continue with additional configuration settings, press the Menu button. Procedure for units with Masimo Technology 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. With the monitor off, press and hold the Menu button at the same time as pressing the On/Off button until the display test completes. Press the Menu button until n0d (averaging time) appears in the Pulse Rate window. Use the +/- buttons to select the option. Press the Menu button once. SAt (FastSAT) appears in the Pulse Rate window. Use the +/- buttons to select the option. Press the Menu button once. SEn (sensitivity mode) appears in the Pulse Rate window. Use the +/- buttons to select the option. To exit the configuration mode, turn the unit off. To continue with additional configuration settings, press the Menu button. Advanced Configuration Mode Advanced Configuration mode is entered by holding the Menu button and the button simultaneously while powering on with the On/Off button. For a couple of seconds immediately after power up in this mode the Systolic and Diastolic display windows will display the major and minor version codes. The version codes are numbers that represent the letters of the English alphabet which are designated to the currently loaded version of the monitor firmware (e.g., 1 indicates A, 2 indicates B, etc.). After a moment, this version information is cleared, and the monitor displays the 1st page of configuration mode which simply displays ACF in the Systolic display window indicating that the monitor is in advanced configuration mode. You can then press the Menu button to cycle through all the advanced configuration mode option pages. After all options pages have been displayed, the display will return to the 1st advanced configuration mode page (displaying ACF). You can use the + and - buttons to make changes to settings. After making changes, simply cycle the power to return to normal operation mode. Changes are automatically be retained. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 3-11 Installation: Configuring Your V100 Monitor The advanced configuration mode option pages are as follows: Displayed on Monitor ACF Function Advanced Configuration Mode announcement (No settings are entered on this page.) rEn Remote mode 0 : Remote mode is disabled 1 : Remote mode is enabled (default) Adr Host Comm unit address 32 : This is the default value: 126 max. br Host Comm bit rate (bits per sec) 0 : 300 bps 1 : 600 bps 2 : 1200 bps 3 : 2400 bps 4 : 4800 bps 5 : 9600 bps (default) 6 : 19200 bps nod Host Comm mode 0 : Host Comm Command mode (default) 1 : 1846 Compatibility mode (1846 mode requires user to also select 600 bps.) Service Mode Service mode is entered by holding the Cycle button while powering on with the On/Off button. You can press the Cycle button to advance through the available service mode pages. NOTES „ „ Only transducer calibration pages are available until calibration is valid. Calibration and other service mode setting changes will not be retained unless the “Save Settings” operation is executed (on the final Service Mode options page). 3-12 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Installation: Configuring Your V100 Monitor After all options pages have been displayed, the display will return to the 1st service mode page (initial calibration page). To save service mode settings the Service Mode option pages are as follows: Displayed on Monitor 0 (in “min” window) 1 (in “min” window) 2 (in “min” window) 3 (in “min” window) Function Refer to calibration section for functions. Refer to calibration section for functions. Refer to calibration section for functions. NIBP Algorithm Type loaded (Displayed in MAP/Cuff display window) 1: DINAMAP Classic NIBP 2: DINAMAP Auscultatory NIBP 3: DINAMAP SuperSTAT NIBP (Warning: Changing setting effects NIBP performance.) 4 (in “min” window) SpO2 Type loaded (Displayed in SpO2% display window) 0: No SpO2 1: Nellcor 2: Masimo 3: Ohmeda (Warning: Incorrect setting will cause fatal 930 alarm during operation.) 5 (in “min” window) Temperature loaded (Displayed in Temperature display window) 0: No Temp 1: Turbo Temp 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 3-13 Installation: Configuring Your V100 Monitor Displayed on Monitor 6 (in “min” window) Language Function The number displayed in Pulse Rate display window indicates the language setting. These range from 0 to 20. For example, 0 indicates English. The language setting is used in printed reports. Russian, Greek, Korean, Chinese, and Japanese are printed in English only. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 English Chinese Czech Danish Dutch Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Italian Japanese Korean Norwegian Polish Portuguese Brazilian Portuguese Continental Russian Slovak Spanish Swedish In “MAP/Cuff” window: # of remaining saves possible In order to save any changes made in config mode, press and hold the menu button until a tone sounds Warning: The number displayed in the “MAP/Cuff” window will decrease each time the “Save Settings” operation is done. If it reaches zero, a fatal 975 alarm (calibration space exhausted) results and the unit will have to be serviced before operation will be possible again. 3-14 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Installation: Host Communications Connector Host Communications Connector All host port signals are NON-ISOLATED and should be connected to equipment conforming to IEC 60601-1-1 ONLY. Where isolation of data communication is required, the isolated level converter should be used. If external alarm control is required, p/n 487208CR (Isolated Remote Alarm Cable Assembly) should ALWAYS be used. Please refer to the Information Sheet included with the isolated remote alarm cable for operational details. NOTE: When using remote alarm, the V100 Monitor should be considered the primary alarm source. The secondary alarm is used for secondary purposes only. DB15 Connector Pin Assignments Connection Details Host Port Connector (rear panel) WARNING! Auxiliary equipment connected to the V100 Monitor will result in the formation of an electromedical system and thus, must comply with the requirements of EN 60601-1-1/ IEC 60601-1. All host port signals are NONISOLATED and should be connected to equipment conforming to IEC-60601-1, configured to comply with IEC 60601-1-1 ONLY. Where isolation of data communication is required, GE Medical Systems Information Technologies part number ILC1926 should be used. If external alarm control is required, GE Medical Systems Information Technologies part number 487208CR (Isolated Remote Alarm Cable. When a high-priority alarm condition is displayed on the Monitor, the remote alarm signal becomes active within 0.5 seconds. The active state of the alarm signal is an open circuit. In the inactive state the alarm signal is connected to ground. Please refer to the Information Sheet included with the isolated remote alarm cable for operational details. NOTE: When using remote alarm, the V100 Monitor should be considered the primary alarm source. The secondary alarm is used for secondary purposes only. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 3-15 Installation: Host Communications Connector Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Common Function Inverted TTL Transmit Data Inverted TTL Receive Data +5 volts No connection No connection Common Remote Alarm No connection No connection RS232 Transmit Data (TxD) No connection RS232 Receive Data (RxD) No connection No connection 3-16 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B 4 Maintenance For your notes 4-2 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Maintenance: Preventative Maintenance Preventative Maintenance WARNING Failure on the part of all responsible individuals, hospitals or institutions, employing the use of this device, to implement the recommended maintenance schedule may cause equipment failure and possible health hazards. The manufacturer does not, in any manner, assume the responsibility for performing the recommended maintenance schedule, unless an Equipment Maintenance Agreement exists. The sole responsibility rests with the individuals, hospitals, or institutions utilizing the device. General Preventative maintenance tasks include cleaning the V100 Monitor, checking pressure calibration, pneumatic leakage, pneumatic system overpressure point, temperature calibration (200 and 400), and verification of the SpO2 system (300 and 400). Perform the following maintenance procedures as required. Integrity of Hoses and Cuffs When the pneumatic integrity of any NIBP cuff and hose is in doubt, replace the cuff and hose, and discard the questionable accessories. Visual Inspection The monitor and its components should be carefully inspected prior to installation, once every 12 months thereafter and each time the equipment is serviced. „ Carefully inspect the equipment for physical damage to the case, the display screen, and the keypad. Do not use the monitor if damage is determined. Refer damaged equipment to qualified service personnel. Inspect all external connections for loose connectors or frayed cables. Have any damaged connectors or cables replaced by qualified service personnel. Inspect the display face for marks, scratches, or other damage. Physical damage to a flat panel display glass may pose an implosion hazard. Have the flat panel display replaced by qualified service personnel if necessary. Safety labels and inscription on the device are clearly legible. „ „ „ „ „ 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 4-3 Maintenance: Cleaning Cleaning Cleaning the Monitor CAUTIONS Never pour or spray water or any cleaning solution on the equipment or permit fluids to run behind switches, into connectors, into the recorder, or into any ventilation openings in the equipment. Do not let fluid “pool” around connection pins. Never immerse monitor or accessories in any liquid. Do not attach the monitor or accessories to a patient until it is thoroughly dry. Failure to follow these cleaning recommendations may melt, distort, or dull the finish of displays and cases; blur lettering on labels; embrittle cases and lead to cracks and breakage; or cause equipment failures. Use of non-approved cleaning agents is not considered normal wear and repair or replacement of parts is not covered under warranty. Monitor Exterior Disconnect the monitor from AC power before cleaning or disinfecting its surface. The exterior surfaces of CARESCAPE Monitors may be cleaned with a dampened, lint-free cloth. Wipe off all cleaning solutions with a clean, dry cloth and let air dry for at least 15 minutes. Use one of the following approved solutions: „ „ „ „ Mild soap (diluted) Commercial diluted bleach solution or bleach wipe Commercial diluted ammonia solution 10% solution of household bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite) in distilled water Never use the following cleaning agents: – „ „ „ „ „ „ „ Abrasive cleaners or solvents of any kind Acetone Ketone Betadine Alcohol- or petroleum-based cleaning agents Any type of solution that contains ammonium chloride, conductive solutions, wax or wax compounds Sodium salts NOTE: Never autoclave or steam clean the monitor, cuffs, or accessories. 4-4 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Maintenance: Cleaning Monitor Display To clean the display screen, use a soft, clean cloth dampened with a glass cleaner. Never spray the glass cleaner directly onto the display, and never use alcohol- or petroleum-based products. Cuffs General The cuff must be thoroughly cleaned with the specified detergent before reuse. The additional use of household bleach as described below provides at least intermediate-level disinfection. „ „ Apply cuff hose plugs before cleaning. The following cleansing procedure was repeated 20 times on DURA-CUF® Blood Pressure Cuffs and once on SOFT-CUF® Blood Pressure Cuffs without affecting the performance of the cuff. While this procedure is adequate for cleaning/disinfection, it may not remove all stains. Do not immerse hoses. Do not immerse cuffs without prior application of cuff hose caps. „ „ „ Materials „ „ „ „ „ Enzymatic detergent such as ENZOL* enzymatic detergent (US) or Cidezyme* enzymatic detergent (UK) Distilled water 10% solution of household bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite) in distilled water Soft cloths and soft-bristled brushes Spray bottles Procedure 1. 2. Prepare the enzymatic detergent according to the manufacturer’s instructions and the 10% bleach solution, in separate spray bottles. Spray the detergent liberally on device. If the material is dried on, allow the cuff to sit for 1 minute. For soil on the soft part of the closure or the cuff itself, wipe the material off with a soft cloth. For persistent contamination on the soft part of the closure, use a soft-bristled brush to loosen particles. Rinse with copious amounts of distilled water. Repeat until no visible contamination remains. For soil on the hook part of the closure, use a softbristled brush to remove the material, and rinse with copious amounts of distilled water. Repeat until no visible contamination remains. Spray the 10% bleach solution on the affected area until the area is saturated. Allow the cuff to sit for 5 minutes. Wipe away any excess solution and rinse the cuff again with distilled water. Allow 2 hours for drying. 3. 4. NOTE: The user has the responsibility to validate any deviations from the recommended method of cleaning and disinfection. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 4-5 Maintenance: Long-Term Storage For additional information on infection control procedures, contact GE Medical Systems Information Technologies Technical Support. Temperature Devices Do not immerse predictive temperature probes. The probe may be cleaned with a solution of 10% bleach in water. Use a cloth or sponge—just damp, not wet— and avoid getting any liquid into the interior of the probe. SpO2 Sensors Adhesive sensors are sterile and for single use only. Reusable sensors should be cleaned before reuse with a 70% alcohol solution. If low-level disinfection is required, use a 1:10 bleach solution. Do not use undiluted bleach (5% - 5.25% sodium chlorite) or any cleaning solution other than those recommended here because permanent damage to the sensor could occur. Do not sterilize the sensor by irradiation, steam, or ethylene oxide. If disposable sensors or their packaging are damaged, they must be disposed of as advised in this appendix. To clean or disinfect the sensor: 1. 2. 3. Saturate a clean, dry gauze pad with the cleaning solution. Wipe all surfaces of the sensor and cable with this gauze pad. Saturate another clean, dry gauze pad with sterile or distilled water. Wipe all surfaces of the sensor and cable with this gauze pad. Dry the sensor and cable by wiping all surfaces with a clean, dry gauze pad. Long-Term Storage If it becomes necessary to store the Monitor for an extended period of time, remove all attached accessories. Attach the original packing inserts, and place the Monitor into the original shipping container. Battery life is significantly reduced if the battery is left in a discharged state. For long-term storage, fully charge the battery, then remove the battery from the unit and periodically charge the battery. For more information, refer to the “Storage and Battery Care” section below. Long-term storage at high temperatures can lead to deterioration of seals and separators and should be avoided. 4-6 CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 2037106-001 B Maintenance: Long-Term Storage Battery Care If it becomes necessary to store the Monitor for an extended period of time, first fully charge, then remove the battery. Then store the Monitor and the battery in the original packaging materials. Batteries should always be fully charged before being placed in storage. Batteries should not be left in storage more than 6 months without removal and full recharge. A fully charged battery in good condition will provide sufficient power to operate a Monitor for approximately 8-11 hours, depending upon configuration and use. It is best to keep the battery charged as fully as practical and never store the Monitor with the battery in a discharged condition. When the battery will no longer hold a charge, remove and replace it. Failure to replace the battery with the same GE Medical Systems Information Technologies part number may result in shorter battery life. Battery charging will take place as long as the Monitor remains connected to an external DC power source. NOTE: After replacing batteries, an E00 error code is normal. The user settings and date/time revert to the factory default setting. CAUTIONS To ensure that the battery will be ready for portable operation, keep the Monitor connected to a mains supply whenever possible. Repeated failure to fully charge the battery will result in a significant reduction in battery life. The expected lifetime of the battery largely depends on the way in which the Monitor is used. Never fully discharge the battery. To prolong battery life, connect the Monitor to AC power source when not in use. 2037106-001 B CARESCAPE V100 Vital Signs Monitor 4-7 Maintenance: Long-Term Storage Replacing the Battery 1. 2. Unplug the Monitor from the DC power source. Looking at the bottom of the V100 Monitor, remove the battery compartment cover by removing the four screws that secure the cover and help card tray. Remove the help card tray and battery door cover. 3. 4. Remove the old battery and disconnect the wires. Attach the battery wires to the new battery, ensuring the red terminal (+) is connected to the red wire and the black terminal (-) is connected to the black wire. When reconnecting battery power, the monitor enters fatal mode. To clear the alarm press the On/Off button. Insert the battery into the compartment. 5. 6. 7. Then replace the cover, help card tray, and screws. Insert the external DC power converter plug into the external DC power socket and plug into an AC outlet. 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USA Ultimate Observer Manual (Revised July 2014) © Copyright 2014 USA Ultimate i ii USA Ultimate www.usaultimate.org – [email protected] 4730 Table Mesa Drive, Suite I-200C Boulder, CO 80305 Toll free: 800-872-4384 Telephone: 303-447-3472 Fax: 303-447-3483 Copyrights: © 1990 Rob Rauch, (Executive Director, UPA) © 1998 Vic Kamhi (Head, UPA Certified Observer Program) © 2001-2010 UPA Observer Committee © 2011-2014 USAU Observer Committee Authors and Contributors: Jon Bauman, Hank Cary, Jerome Connell, Greg Connelly, Will Deaver, Mitch Dengler, Mike Gerics, Janna Hamaker, Margo Hasselman, Byron Hicks, Vic Kamhi, Eric Kehoe, Charles Kerr, Wally Kwong, Colin McIntyre, Julie Morris, Rob Rauch, Troy Revell, Chris Sherwood, Keith Temple Hand Signal Illustrations: Amy Lowright iii Table of Contents I Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1 History of the USA Ultimate Observer Program ........................................................................ 1 Board Policies ............................................................................................................................. 2 II Principles of Observing ......................................................................................................... 3 Observer Code of Conduct.......................................................................................................... 3 Spirit of the Game ................................................................................................................... 3 The Game Belongs to the Players. .......................................................................................... 3 Professionalism ....................................................................................................................... 3 Observing Fundamentals ............................................................................................................ 3 Rules ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Active or Inactive Calls .......................................................................................................... 3 On-Field Authority.................................................................................................................. 4 Observer-Player Interaction .................................................................................................... 4 When to Intervene ................................................................................................................... 5 The “Do-Over”........................................................................................................................ 5 Player Overrule ....................................................................................................................... 6 Justice...................................................................................................................................... 6 Consistency and Best Judgment.............................................................................................. 6 Professionalism ....................................................................................................................... 6 III Observing Systems ................................................................................................................. 8 Two-Observer System ................................................................................................................ 8 Four-Observer System .............................................................................................................. 10 Linespeople ............................................................................................................................... 11 Active Calls ........................................................................................................................... 11 Inactive Calls ........................................................................................................................ 12 One-Observer System ............................................................................................................... 12 Positioning With a Linesperson ............................................................................................ 12 Positioning Without a Linesperson ....................................................................................... 12 Instructional Observers ............................................................................................................. 13 Follow Observer Code of Conduct ....................................................................................... 13 Teach the Rules ..................................................................................................................... 13 Track Time Limits ................................................................................................................ 14 Monitor Conduct Issues ........................................................................................................ 14 Track Game Score and Timeouts .......................................................................................... 14 iv Pre-game Meeting ................................................................................................................. 14 Positioning ............................................................................................................................ 14 IV Best Practices ....................................................................................................................... 16 Observer Duties ........................................................................................................................ 16 Tournament Head Observer .................................................................................................. 16 Standard Observers ............................................................................................................... 16 Instructional Observers ......................................................................................................... 16 Experimental Events ............................................................................................................. 16 Equipment ................................................................................................................................. 17 Common Situations................................................................................................................... 17 Off-sides ................................................................................................................................ 17 Sideline Catches .................................................................................................................... 18 Goals ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Thrower and Marker Fouls ................................................................................................... 18 Travels................................................................................................................................... 19 Fast Count and Contested Stalls ........................................................................................... 19 Receiving and Defending Hucks .......................................................................................... 20 Strip Fouls ............................................................................................................................. 20 Dangerous Plays.................................................................................................................... 20 Disc Up or Down .................................................................................................................. 21 Picks ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Player Positioning After a Call ............................................................................................. 21 Time Limits ........................................................................................................................... 21 Time-Outs ............................................................................................................................. 22 Outcomes of Rulings............................................................................................................. 22 Observer Stoppages .............................................................................................................. 22 Lightning Delays ................................................................................................................... 22 Pre-game Discussion with Teams ......................................................................................... 23 V Player Misconduct System .................................................................................................. 24 Components of the Misconduct System ................................................................................... 24 Technical Foul ...................................................................................................................... 24 Team Misconduct Foul (Blue Card) ..................................................................................... 24 Personal Misconduct Foul (Yellow Card) ............................................................................ 24 Ejection (Red Card) .............................................................................................................. 25 Game Forfeiture .................................................................................................................... 25 Behavior Warranting Sanctions ................................................................................................ 25 v Poor Sportsmanship .............................................................................................................. 25 Battery ................................................................................................................................... 25 Swearing ............................................................................................................................... 25 Deliberate Fouling ................................................................................................................ 25 Pushing/Shoving ................................................................................................................... 26 Taunting ................................................................................................................................ 26 Sideline Encroachment ......................................................................................................... 26 Implementation ......................................................................................................................... 26 Personal Misconduct Fouls and Ejections ............................................................................ 26 Team Misconduct Penalty Against the Offense.................................................................... 27 Team Misconduct Penalty Against the Defense ................................................................... 27 Team Misconduct Penalty Assessed Between Points ........................................................... 27 Appendix 1 – Guide to Timekeeping ......................................................................................... 28 Resuming Stall Counts.............................................................................................................. 28 Appendix 2 – Hand Signals ........................................................................................................ 30 Active Calls ............................................................................................................................... 30 Inactive Calls ............................................................................................................................ 34 Misconduct Signals ................................................................................................................... 41 Observer Crew Communication ............................................................................................... 42 Appendix 3 – Game Scorecard .................................................................................................. 43 vi I Introduction The most important aspect which differentiates Ultimate from other organized sports is summarized in the following excerpt from the Introduction to the Official Rules of Ultimate, 11th Edition (the “Rules”): Spirit of the Game: Ultimate relies upon a spirit of sportsmanship that places the responsibility for fair play on the player. Highly competitive play is encouraged, but never at the expense of mutual respect among competitors, adherence to the agreed upon rules, or the basic joy of play. Protection of these vital elements serves to eliminate unsportsmanlike conduct from the Ultimate field. Such actions as taunting opposing players, dangerous aggression, belligerent intimidation, intentional infractions or other “win-at-all-costs” behavior are contrary to the spirit of the game and must be avoided by all players. It is a tribute to those who play Ultimate that, in the overwhelming majority of cases, the mutual obligation to adhere to these principles serves to maintain player compliance with the Rules, and to resolve disputes that do arise in contests at virtually all levels of competition. However, it is fairly well-established that some form of third party judging or appeal process is necessary in highly competitive situations where the stakes may be significant or where there is added value to faster-paced play, such as when spectators are present. Observers have therefore proven useful in a number of capacities. In the heat of competition, the players involved in a play are not always certain about exactly what happened, nor do they always have a clear view of what occurred. Even though they may try their best to make the correct call, it can be difficult for them to know what actually transpired, especially when fatigued in the midst of hard-fought, competitive play. Because Observers are not playing, they are better situated to track and evaluate objective limits related to both time and space, such as time limits and line calls. Observers also can help facilitate and speed up the game by supplying an objective perspective to help resolve player disputes that otherwise can drag on and sour the game experience for both players and spectators. This Manual describes how, as an Observer, you are to conduct yourself and be involved in the game, and outlines USA Ultimate-recommended principles and practices for observing. Its purpose is to help ensure consistency and quality in the way that games are observed, both of which are crucial to maximizing the benefit that the Observer program can provide to those who play Ultimate. History of the USA Ultimate Observer Program Observers initially were used sparingly, and their role first was envisioned as totally passive. The Observer program became somewhat more formalized after the UPA Club Nationals in 1987, when it became evident to many that Observers would have to be more active in certain capacities (despite protests from some that doing so was contrary to the Spirit of the Game). With the understanding that Observers’ roles would be better defined, an official Certified Observers Pool (COP) was established – the program was guided into existence by Robert “Nob” Rauch, and Mark Dixon was appointed the first head of the COP. In ensuing years, the COP program was refined in response to changes in play and players’ expectations. Over time, Observers were requested more often at important tournaments, and Observer involvement became more active, though not nearly to the level of officials in most sports. USAU continues to examine the ramifications of more active Observers and the use of different rule sets for different levels of play (including the limited use of penalties). As a result of USAU having sanctioned the use of different rule sets for various experimental events, Observers’ roles have taken a variety of forms. This manual describes the current Observer system used in conjunction with the Official Rules of Ultimate, as well changes to the system when certain experimental rules or roles for the Observers are in effect. 1 In 2005, the UPA Observer Program took on its current structure. A standardized training document was produced in the form of the UPA Observer Manual (this document). A training clinic curriculum, based on the standards in the manual, was developed, implemented, and continues to be utilized at clinics around the country. Criteria for certification were developed, which included clinic attendance, testing, and on-field performance evaluation. Regional Observer Coordinator positions were created to facilitate scheduling of training clinics and use of Observers at USAU events. A standing Observer Committee, headed by a committee chair, was tasked with overseeing the development of the program. The USA Ultimate Observer Committee determines official USAU guidelines for observing, including current standards for USAU competition, and training materials and methods. The committee consists of several active members (including a chairperson and a USAU staff liaison), plus USAU’s national division directors. The active members of the committee are responsible for updating and maintaining this manual and other official Observer training materials. They also meet periodically to discuss potential changes to Observer roles and practices, and implement any such changes by revising and refining those materials. The Observer Committee oversees, and assists in conducting Observer training clinics, including “experimental rules” tournaments, where proposed variations on Observer roles, protocol and interaction can be tested and evaluated by players and the committee. Board Policies The following USAU Policy on Observers and Referees was adopted by the Executive Committee of the UPA’s Board of Directors on August 8, 2003: In line with its previous statements, USAU endorses the use of Observers in Ultimate but does not endorse the use of Referees. The primary difference between Observers and Referees is that Observers shall not make active foul and violation calls of a subjective nature, while Referees are empowered to make any call authorized in the rules, bylaws, officiating guide, or any set of tournament ground rules. Observers are allowed to resolve disputes on foul and violation calls if requested to do so by the players or event organizers. It is permissible but not required for Observers to be allowed to make active calls on conduct issues and objective matters in the rules, including but not limited to time violations where the disc is not in play and boundary decisions. Observers have the responsibility to uphold the Spirit of the Game to the players on the field. While Observers can provide a neutral perspective for dispute resolution or calls of an objective nature, the primary responsibility for the integrity of Ultimate and the Spirit of the Game remains with the players. 2 II Principles of Observing The overriding principles of observing are outlined in the Observer Code of Conduct: Observer Code of Conduct Spirit of the Game As an Observer, your fundamental role is to help players uphold the Spirit of the Game. You should assist players in creating an environment that fosters sportsmanship and respect among teammates and opponents, including striving to inform players when their actions during games are inconsistent with the concepts of fair play or mutual respect. Performing this function helps maintain integrity among players familiar with Ultimate and instill in new players the unique spirit with which Ultimate is played. The Game Belongs to the Players. Managing and conducting the game is primarily the players’ responsibility, and the outcome of a game should be decided by their actions, not those of Observers. Your role is not to alter the outcome or dictate the course of a contest, but to assist players in following the rules and to help resolve disputes where necessary. Thus, except where Observers are empowered to decide a matter, all calls and play stoppages are initiated by the players. Likewise, if there is a reasonable chance that the players may be able to quickly resolve a dispute on their own, they should be afforded the opportunity to do so before you intervene. Professionalism Approach your role and conduct yourself with the utmost professionalism. This includes treating players, coaches and spectators with respect, being as prepared as possible –mentally, physically, and with the proper equipment – to perform their duties, and making every effort to position yourself properly and make the best judgments possible at all times. You should also make every attempt to improve your observing skills, both individually and in conjunction with fellow officials, in an effort to do the best job that you can for the players. Observing Fundamentals Rules This manual assumes that you know the Rules, and any modifications in effect for the game or tournament being observed. It thus contains few references to, or repetitions of, specific Rules sections. The purpose of this manual is to serve as a guide beyond the Rules – a tool for implementing, not learning, them. It is imperative that you know the Rules well, and that each ruling be supported by the applicable Rule(s). Consulting a rulebook during a game is acceptable, if that is necessary in order to rule correctly. Making a ruling that is not in accordance with the Rules is one of the quickest ways to lose the respect that an Observer needs. Occasionally, complex game situations arise that test even the most experienced Observers, but a thorough understanding of the Rules and how to apply them allows you the best chance of properly resolving those situations. Active or Inactive Calls “Active” calls are those for which you are empowered to rule immediately, without player request or initiation. Line calls are active, including in/out-of-bounds, force-out fouls, in/out-of-the-endzone, and offsides. Time limits also are called and announced actively. Additionally, you may stop play if appropriate to handle conduct issues. All other calls, such as fouls and violations, are not active; i.e., you do not rule or offer an opinion unless requested or unless the players involved cannot quickly agree on the outcome. Note 3 that you do not actively call up or down (whether the disc touched the ground before being caught), but be prepared to rule if a dispute arises, as with other inactive calls. Rule immediately on each active call with a hand signal and simultaneously announce the ruling loudly enough so that impacted players are made aware (this may require yelling in certain situations). While it is the players’ responsibility to check the indication, you should do everything possible to minimize confusion and assist the players in knowing the call. After making certain rulings, other hand signals may be appropriate for spectators, sidelines and players not involved in or aware of the matter. Hand signals are described in Appendix 2 – Hand Signals. As with any call, a ruling on an active call should be made by the Observer with the best view (typically, the one closest to the action), and it is important for Observers to communicate with each other and make every attempt to avoid issuing conflicting calls. If conflicting calls are made, play stops, and the Observer with the best view reigns. If views are roughly equal, resolve the situation as if it is a contested call with no Observers present. Active calls often involve a “play-on” situation, such as indicating that a player is in- or out-ofbounds, or that a catch was made on the playing field proper (not in the end zone). In such cases, if no other issue requires play to stop, play continues uninterrupted after the call. For calls that are not active, do not offer an opinion or make a call for the players. If your ruling is necessary, always clarify with the players what their call is before ruling. In addition, it is not appropriate to say, “no foul, but there was a travel” or the like. Except as discussed below in this manual regarding stalls, strip/foul calls, and dangerous plays, rule only on the call(s) actually made. On-Field Authority Depending on the personnel available, you may work a game alone or with other Observers or linespersons. The roles of the various officials are defined in this manual, in the descriptions of each observing system. Generally, the Observer closest to the play will make the ruling. If you cannot make the call, you can consult other Observers or linespersons. An official further from the play can indicate that he or she had a good view of what happened by putting one or both hands on top of his or her head. It is the responsibility of the closer official to look for this signal from the other Observer(s) and to indicate to them if conferring is necessary. Long, slow trips to consult with other officials should be kept to a minimum. If you are an Observer who is not nearest the play and disagree with a ruling, do not indicate the disagreement verbally or otherwise. After the play, you can privately discuss the ruling with the official who made it. If you are an official who is not making a ruling, avoid giving any affirmative or negative signal (e.g., shaking or nodding your head), because such signals may appear to indicate agreement/disagreement with a player’s call or another official’s ruling. Have discussions with other officials about potential rulings away from the players, so that they cannot ascertain the decision in advance (and, thus, whether it would be advantageous to request Observer intervention). Additionally, if you are a spectator of a game you should guard your commentary about Observer rulings to other players. It can be helpful to discuss “non-calls” with other officials during breaks in the action, such as how they saw a particular play, even if the players have agreed amongst themselves without Observer intervention. Such consultations can help hone skills and provide an opportunity to see how others view the same situation. Keep these discussions private, however. While there still may be differences in how two people view the same play, such discussions can lead to more consistency among Observers. Observer-Player Interaction Make rulings succinctly, without long discussions or explanations. Note that for certain calls, including travels and receiving fouls, it may be necessary for a player involved to clarify what action or part of the play is being called or contested, so that the opponent and you understand the situation. After determining 4 the specific nature of the dispute, simply state the ruling, along with which team has possession of the disc and how play will resume, e.g. “No foul. Red’s disc here with the stall count at zero.” (One or more hand signals may also be appropriate at this stage – see Appendix 2). Statements such as “I did not see a travel” or “If your arm was here, then that would not have been a foul” tend to create confusion, and give the appearance that the Observer was not paying attention or is unsure of the ruling. However, a brief description of the specific action can reinforce your credibility (e.g., “no travel – the foot did not move until after the release”). After an Observer rules, there is no further argument and play resumes according to the ruling after a check. By requesting your intervention, a player implicitly agrees that he or she will abide by your ruling, even if the player disagrees. Do not discuss what would have happened if such and such had occurred, or how you would have ruled on a situation where no ruling was issued. This keeps the game under the players’ control, helps avoid tipping your hand on future rulings, and averts discussion about calls that were not even at issue. Do not get drawn into player arguments. Converting an argument from one between players to one between an Observer and a player is counterproductive to keeping the game moving. Serious verbal or physical abuse is a conduct issue. Do not engage in verbal or physical abuse, even in response to such behavior. Also, stay detached from the players and avoid conduct that may create the appearance that you are biased or otherwise interested in the outcome of a particular play or contest. While the occasional remark or brief conversation may help calm a tense dispute or otherwise facilitate relations with players on the field, avoid actions such as overtly cheering or applauding for a particular team, accepting gifts of food or drink from a team, or excessively conversing with members of one team or “hanging out” on their sideline during breaks. When you make a ruling during a stoppage of play (i.e. not for an active call), play must restart with a check. Teams should be reminded of this at the pre-game meeting and during each ruling. When to Intervene As the name implies, Observers watch the game – closely. If players can quickly resolve contested calls on their own, you need not rule. However, when a call is made and contested, the nearest Observer should be ready to rule if the players cannot agree on an outcome relatively quickly (generally within ~20 seconds). If you as the closest Observer did not have a clear view, use this time to quickly confer with other crew members who may have had a better vantage point. Either player involved in a dispute can request Observer intervention; agreement between the players is not required and team captains need not be involved or consulted. If one player requests your intervention and the other player still wants to discuss the matter, you may give them a short time to attempt to work it out themselves, if it appears that this may be fruitful. If such a discussion initially appears to have promise, but begins to drag on towards the recommended 20 second limit, inform the players that they need to decide quickly or you will rule. If both players come to you immediately without trying to work out a dispute themselves, you should ask them to at least make an attempt. Where it is obvious that the players will not agree, you can simply rule quickly. In the unlikely event that one or both of the players involved in a play are unable to make or contest a call due to injury (such as a player receiving a concussion after a collision), the Observers should automatically step in and resolve any possible calls involved in the part play involving the injured players. The “Do-Over” Players may agree themselves to a “do-over.” Respect this decision regardless of what you would have ruled if consulted. When you are consulted, it is important that before ruling, you are confident (at least 90% certain) that you had the requisite perspective to rule properly. It is your job to ensure that at least one of the crew is in proper position to confidently rule on any particular play or situation. However, if no crew 5 member is sufficiently confident on a ruling, it is preferable to return the disc to the thrower for a do-over than to make an educated (or uneducated) guess, which almost always adversely impacts players’ confidence that rulings are being made correctly. If you are consulted on a play that you did not have a proper view or perspective, before implementing a do-over, quickly check with other crew members who may have been better situated to make the ruling. If crew members are repeatedly out of position to properly see plays (whether due to lack of hustle or otherwise), confer and adjust your positions and movements to the extent possible. Players will lose confidence in and respect for a crew that consistently resorts to doovers in order to resolve contested situations. Player Overrule On occasion, a player who believes that an your ruling on an active call is incorrect may request that the ruling be reversed, but only to the detriment of his or her own team; for example, where you rule that a catch was made in-bounds, but another offensive player believes that it was out-of-bounds, resulting in a turnover. In such cases, provided that the person requesting the reversal was both a) a player on the field at the time of the call and b) a member of the team benefiting from the call, you have the discretion to reverse your ruling, taking into account the perspective and proximity of the player requesting the reversal and other factors that are relevant under the circumstances. This also applies to rulings involving the misconduct system where additional information from the players demonstrates a misconduct foul was incorrectly assessed. After a request for reversal, play restarts with a check. Justice Your job is not to render justice. Players sometimes will agree on the “wrong” solution (i.e., you may feel that the players’ decision – perhaps a do-over – is not supported by what actually occurred). In such cases, do not intervene or suggest an opinion. It is preferable that players settle matters amongst themselves rather than have a non-player make a ruling. Do not attempt to equalize games or right past wrongs, but make each call based upon what you see and the applicable Rules., Do not take into account what may have happened on a previous play or the reputations of the players involved. Consistency and Best Judgment Observers should strive to be consistent in their rulings, both within a particular crew and between different crews at the same tournament. Two neutral parties can see the same play from the same perspective and still come to different conclusions about it. However, players rightfully expect some consistency. Given the same circumstances, rulings should be similar, both from the same Observer and from different Observers. There is a tacit assumption that you will use your best judgment in making any call. It often is difficult to be absolutely sure that the call is correct, and there will be occasions where you make an incorrect ruling. There also are times when a proper ruling will not be popular – on most calls the best that you can hope for is that half of the players agree. Among the things that you can do are know the rules thoroughly, know and abide by the guidelines of this manual, expend the utmost effort to be in the best position to make calls, and be fair and respectful to all players and their coaches and fans. There will always be situations where you, much like the umpire or referee in any other sport, are questioned, sometimes rightfully and sometimes not. Professionalism Conduct yourself in a professional manner. This includes preparing adequately for the game. Arrive at your field 15 minutes before game time, start the meeting with the captains 10 minutes before game time (see pre-game meeting under Common Situations), and give a 3 minute warning to both teams before game time. Use pre-game time to tend to matters such as surveying the field for debris or obstacles, assuring that 6 sidelines are free of spectators and equipment, and informing players of potential uniform or dangerous equipment issues. Because good observing requires constant running, pre-game warm-up stretching is recommended. Keep extra discs handy (if available), in case the game disc becomes damaged or lands far out-of-bounds. It is of utmost importance to avoid interfering with players’ movements or the flight of the disc. You are an obstacle on the field, and if the disc hits you and is not caught by an offensive player, it is a turnover. Per the USAU Standing Rules Committee, you as an Observer, whether in or out of bounds, are treated as “air” (i.e. as if you were not there) in terms of your potential to impact the flight of the disc or player movement. Be cognizant of where players are and where they may be moving. This requires attention to the weather (especially wind) conditions and the style of defense being played (zone or man), and an awareness of the tendencies and skills of both throwers and receivers. Moving off of the playing field is often necessary to avoid interfering. Know the game score, time limits, number of time-outs remaining for each team, and how any cap times may affect the game, and periodically remind teams about them (see Time Limits). Be well-groomed and appropriately attired for the particular event (see Equipment). Carry yourself (e.g. posture, activities) professionally while at the field. After games and during any rounds off, do not watch games in your Observer uniform. It is absolutely prohibited for you to officiate in any contest of which the outcome is the subject of any wager in which you have a direct or indirect interest. 7 III Observing Systems Multiple observing systems have been developed and used over the years. For USAU events, the Two Observer System (TOS) is recommended. However, if sufficient personnel are available (especially for marquee contests), use the Four Observer System, as it provides maximum field coverage. For events where personnel are limited, the One Observer System may be used, with the assistance of a Linesperson if at all possible. Two-Observer System Each Observer has primary responsibility for one sideline and one goal line. One Observer also tracks time limits between points, after turnovers, and during time-outs, while the second Observer keeps track of the score and any warnings or penalties. Follow the guidelines set out in this section. Note: the term “trail Observer” specifies the Observer who is generally behind the offense, and the term “downfield Observer” refers to the Observer closer to the end zone of attack. As the disc advances, the trail Observer (O1 in Figure 1) follows behind the disc and is primarily responsible for thrower and marker fouls, travel calls, stall counts and receiver and defender interactions close to the thrower. The downfield Observer (O2 in Figure 1) stays roughly even with the deepest player near the end zone being attacked and has primary responsibility for downfield fouls between receivers and defenders, picks, and goal calls on deep receptions. When the offense nears the goal line for which the downfield Observer is responsible, he or she may move toward the back line, leaving the trail Observer to watch the front goal line. On a turnover, the Observers trade roles, with the new trail Observer setting up behind the new offense and giving the time warnings to put the disc in play. O2 O2 x o x o x o xo xo ox xo xo O1 O1 O2 O1 A B C Figure 1. C A – Initial positions as offense begins to advance the disc. B – When the offense is close to the end zone of attack and O1 has made it to that end of the field; O1 still watches the thrower and marker, but also is in position to call in/out of the end zone. O2 is deeper in the end zone, able to watch the back line. C –Observers may swap ends to better cover the front goal line, depending on the location of the disc, as described in more detail below. 8 A positioning problem can arise if the disc is near the end zone being attacked, but on the sideline covered by the downfield Observer (O2 in Figure 1). With O2 watching the back line, neither Observer is optimally positioned to call in/out of the end zone on a short pass to the front corner of the end zone. Nor is either Observer in the best position to watch thrower-marker interactions. In this situation, both Observers should be alert for any stoppage of play during which they quickly can trade responsibility for ends (not sides) of the field; thus, O2 now is responsible for the bottom end of the field in Figure 1C (and thus the goal line in this situation) and O1 becomes responsible for the top on the diagram end of the field (and thus the back line in this situation). Those positions may be maintained for the rest of the point, or the Observers can trade back, depending on how play continues (e.g., a turnover in the end zone may allow the Observers to reset to their original positions). This process is recommended for only experienced Observers who are comfortable working together. The most difficult situation for two Observers to cover on the playing field proper is when the disc is near the downfield Observer’s sideline, and most or all of the players are between the disc and the end zone being attacked. In this case, the trail Observer may be unable to stay close enough to the thrower and marker to hear the stall count well closely watch their interaction, because s/he must also be able to get back and see the sideline on a long swing pass in that direction. And the downfield Observer cannot get too close to the disc without being out of position to see the action on a long pass downfield. While it is generally not recommended for the trail Observer to cross the long axis of the field to the far side, he may have to do just that under conditions described above, in order to suitably monitor the thrower and marker. This is acceptable, but the trail Observer must be prepared to move back quickly towards his or her sideline. In this and similar cases, each Observer must constantly be aware of the movements of players, the other Observer and the possible path of the disc, and be ready to sprint to new positions whenever necessary. The following table summarizes Observer positioning in the TOS for various game situations. Situation During Pull After Pull Trail Observer (O1) Watch for off-sides on receiving team. Get in position behind the thrower, staying slightly toward your sideline. Note offense and defense (zone, man, etc.) as players set up. Shadow the disc, monitoring stall count and the thrower’s feet; avoid interfering with dump and swing passes. Run toward new receiver (to-be thrower) when disc is released. Be prepared to run deep on a huck, to be in position for watching your sideline in/near far end zone. Watch for stall, foul or travel calls and then run downfield. Stop and position just before disc is to be caught. Downfield Observer (O2) Watch for off-sides on pulling team. Jog toward midfield to watch catches near your sideline. Note offense and defense (zone, man, etc.) as players set up. Stay near your sideline, roughly even with the deepest receiver. Be prepared to run to the end zone on a long pass. Short passes Long Pass Turnover Man-to-man Sideline Trap Move toward the disc, setting up roughly even with the deepest receiver. Be ready for quick huck; avoid players as they change direction. Check with O2 to see if there are any calls that would negate the turnover. Stand behind thrower and out of the way of dumps. Depending on the wind strength and direction, best position may be behind the thrower, off the field. Run toward the end zone. If the pass is near the far sideline, run across field for better view, avoiding receivers and defenders. Return to original side when O1 is close enough to see his/her sideline at/near end zone. Get in position behind the thrower, staying slightly toward your sideline. Check with O1 to see if there are any calls that would negate the turnover. If force is toward your sideline, stay off the field, even with the deepest receiver. If force is other way, run to the middle of the field to watch for long hucks or punts down the line. 9 Situation Flat Zone Trail Observer (O1) Stand further back from thrower and out of the lane for swing passes. Typically, fewer marking fouls occur in a flat zone. Several offensive players may crowd around the disc and marking can be very aggressive. Avoid interfering with dumps. Depending on the wind, best position may be behind the thrower, off the field. Carefully watch thrower’s feet for travels, and listen for count and for foul calls both before and during the throw. If no outstanding calls, give “all clear” hand signal to partner. Resolve to “goal” signal if there are no downfield calls either. Downfield Observer (O2) Stay parallel with the deepest receiver. If it is windy, cross-field hucks are less likely. If force is toward your sideline, stay off the field, roughly even with the deepest receiver. If force is other way, run to the middle of the field to watch for long hucks or punts down the line. Upon completion, watch receiver’s feet to see if they are in the end zone and/or in-bounds. Indicate in/out of the end zone, and goal/no goal when appropriate. Check with O1 for “all clear” signal before resolving to “goal” signal. Trap Zone Score Four-Observer System The Four Observer System (FOS) is generally used in showcase games when sufficient personnel are available, as it offers better coverage of the field. As in the TOS, one Observer is the score keeper while another is the time keeper. All four Observers should be aware of the score, but only one keeps the official score sheet. There are three configurations used in the FOS: the pull, standard play, and end zone. For the pull, the two Observers with the receiving team stand on the front goal line, about 5 yards laterally from the outer most player near their respective sidelines. One Observer gives verbal time warnings to the receiving team, but both Observers give or echo hand signals for time warnings. Once the receiving team has signaled readiness, both Observers signal readiness and simultaneously move about 10 yards deep in the end zone to watch for off-sides. The two Observers with the pulling team are at the front corners of the end zone watching for off-sides during the pull. One observer gives the verbal time warnings to the pulling team while both observers give or echo hand signals for time warnings. After the pull, the Observers move into the standard configuration, shown in Figure 2A. This consists of two trail Observers (O1 and O4) and two downfield Observers (O2 and O3). Each observer is responsible for one “quadrant” of the field. When the disc is on O1's side of the field, O1 watches the thrower/marker interaction, while the other trail observer (O4) watches dump and swing cutters and their defenders. Each trail Observer also watches their respective sidelines. As the disc swings to O4's sideline, O1 becomes the trail Observer watching dump and swing cuts while O4 watches the thrower/marker interaction. The two downfield Observers watch the cutters/defenders near them as well as their respective sidelines, just as they would with the TOS. As with the TOS, if the disc is turned over, the trail and downfield Observers switch roles while maintaining their relative positions. When the disc gets close to the end zone (typically just past the attacking brick mark), all Observers move into the end zone configuration, as shown in Figure 2B. This consists of a single trail Observer behind the disc while the rest of the crew covers the end zone front and rear lines and the sidelines. The trail Observer on the side of the field with the disc as it passes the attacking brick mark becomes the lone trail Observer (O1 in this example). This Observer moves with the disc, watching the thrower/marker interaction. She or he has no primary sideline or end zone line responsibility, and so can move freely from sideline to sideline. The other trail observer (O4) is no longer watching the thrower and marker and moves to the front cone on his or her sideline. Once O4 reaches the front cone, O2 moves to the back line while O3 stays at the front cone on the other side. This provides good coverage of the front goal line without sacrificing coverage of the back line. The end zone configuration is maintained until a point is scored, the disc is turned, or the disc is moved backwards well behind the attacking brick mark. 10 O2 x o O2 x o x o x o o x o x O3 O4 O1 O3 o x O4 O1 A B Figure 2. A – Standard positions in the Four Observer System. B – End zone positioning: O1 watches the thrower and marker, while O4 moves up to watch the front goal line with O3. This allows O2 to drop back and cover the back goal line while still watching the players moving/cutting in the end zone. Keep in mind that with two Observers on each sideline and front line of the end zone, it is possible to signal two opposite outcomes for sideline receptions. In general, the closer observer is the first to signal while the farther Observer echoes the call, unless the far Observer has a better view of the play. Once a reception is made in the end zone, the Observers covering the end zone signals “in the end zone,” and the standard procedure is used to determine and signal if a goal is to be awarded (see Appendix 2 – Hand Signals). All four Observers echo any hand signals regarding the goal or calls disallowing the goal. Linespeople Although the number of experienced Observers for a particular game or even a tournament may be limited, there may be experienced players who are willing to assist in the role of a “Linesperson.” Using Linespeople can greatly enhance field coverage, especially in situations where you are working under the One Observer System, although Linespeople also can be of assistance in the TOS. Additionally, allowing someone to act as a Linesperson helps introduce him or her to the Observer system. Positioning for a Linesperson working with a single Observer is described above in the One-Observer System. Where Linespeople are used along with more than one Observer, inform each Linesperson as to how he or she should position him or herself. Active Calls In any situation, the primary function of a Linesperson is to make active calls on boundaries – i.e., whether a team is off-sides on the pull, and whether a catch is made in or out of bounds or in or out of the end zone. A Linesperson signals verbally and with his or her hands, just as an Observer does. A Linesperson also can relay time limit countdowns to the team at his or her end of the field, such as “10 seconds to pull,” and watch the flight of the disc on pulls and other throws in his or her area, to determine where the disc should be put into play if a question arises. 11 Inactive Calls The significant difference between a Linesperson and an Observer is that Observers handles all interactions with players for resolving contested fouls, violations and other matters, and makes any requested rulings. In these situations, a Linesperson does not make a call or engage the players. If you feel that you had a good view of a particular play or otherwise may be able to assist with a ruling, signal to the Observer(s) by placing one or both hand(s) on top of your head. If an Observer was away from the play or thinks that the Linesperson had a better perspective, the observer will ask the Linesperson for his or her opinion. In any event, you as the Linesperson do not indicate (verbally or by gesturing) an opinion on a contested call, or whether you support or disagree with a call, before being consulted by an Observer. If a foul or violation occurs near you, it is good practice to always try to decide what the call would be, in case your opinion is needed on a contested call. One-Observer System The One Observer System generally is used only where qualified personnel are insufficient to assign two Observers to a particular game. While you should be familiar with this system, it is greatly preferable to recruit someone else (possibly an experienced player) to assist as a Linesperson. Without a Linesperson, it is impossible for you to adequately monitor all of the action all the time, even in situations where players are very compressed. In most situations, you will have to forego closely monitoring certain interactions (such as thrower and marker), in order to be in position for more critical matters, such as ruling on potential scoring plays. Positioning With a Linesperson Where the Observer is assisted by a Linesperson, positioning generally is the same as with the TOS, with the Linesperson starting each point in the position of O2 (at the pulling team’s end of the field). When the disc is turned over, both you and the Linesperson should take advantage of any stoppage or delay in play (or other appropriate situation) where you both can switch ends of the field, so that you can re-position behind the thrower and marker, while the Linesperson becomes responsible for monitoring the downfield goal line and sideline. Positioning Without a Linesperson If no Linesperson is available to assist you, positioning is more difficult. At the start of each point, be at the goal line for the pulling team, watching for off-sides and also listening for the type of defense that is going to be played and in which direction the defense intends to “force” the offense’s throws. Run downfield after the disc is released, watching to see where the disc lands or flies. As the disc is put into play by the offense, your optimal position is on the field, approximately 5-10 yards behind the thrower, but at an angle so you can see the space between the thrower and the marker. As long as you are reasonably close, standing in other positions (downfield, off to one side, etc.) can work as well, but behind the thrower generally works best. If a long throw goes up, first watch for travel or foul calls and then run downfield to get a better view of any potential receiving fouls. Even if the thrower is called for traveling, downfield events can impact possession. While you generally stand behind the thrower, you are also responsible for line calls as much as possible. In order to be in position to make these calls, “cheat” toward one side of the field and position yourself behind the thrower, while staying slightly closer to one line. On turnovers, you often need to move around behind the new offensive team, while preparing to sprint to be in position to rule on long throws made in transition. Obviously, there are certain situations where as a single Observer working without a Linesperson you simply cannot be in position to help the players with a particular ruling. It is helpful to explain to each coach or captain before the game that you are working the game alone, and that while you will do your best to see 12 as much of the action as possible, where you have to make a choice, you will focus on the deep action, so as to be in position to rule on long passes and scoring plays, and that you will not always be able to assist in resolving disputed travel, stall and other thrower-marker interactions. Instructional Observers A new category of Observer, the Instructional Observer, has recently been developed by USA Ultimate to provide players a wider range of options for third-party officials to facilitate game play in various environments. These game officials serve in a distinct (and somewhat reduced) role, compared with standard Observers, and focus primarily on providing instructional information about the game, helping players learn to self-officiate, and monitoring logistical and other factors necessary to facilitate game play. USA Ultimate recognizes the high value of newer players gaining a solid understanding of the rules of Ultimate and becoming comfortable with the process of dispute resolution in a self-officiated game. In some environments, such as a youth tournament or a learning league, too much active Observer intervention to resolve contested calls could easily interfere with this important process. Yet, some of the other objective functions of Observers, such as announcing time warnings and keeping track of the score, are a benefit to players at any level of competition, without taking away their control of the game. The following list of Instructional Observer responsibilities provides more detail about how these duties are performed and which duties of a standard Observer should be avoided. Follow Observer Code of Conduct Spirit of the Game - Teaching “Spirit of the Game” is probably the most important thing you can help do in this role. It is worth emphasizing from the “Code of Conduct” the note about instilling basic concepts about spirit for new players. “Personal responsibility,” “mutual respect,” “adherence to the rules,” and “joy of play” are all key phrases that can be taught through the process of learning to compete in a self-officiated environment. Remember to remind players about one or more of these important factors during the game when the opportunity arises between points or during a call. Do this by noting and praising positive behavior as well as by constructively noting unacceptable behavior, and helping facilitate conflict resolution. The Game Belongs to the Players – For this role, it is important to note that you are not empowered to make any calls during the course of normal play. Self-officiating is a skill that is learned by doing, although newer players may need some reminders about the specific processes or pointers about how to conduct themselves within those processes. For all calls, there is a process for getting the game started again. Help the players go through this process without doing it for them. If behavior becomes an issue, address as needed. Professionalism – There is nothing much to add here except to note that often the you are used in an environment where the players are younger and interactions may be required with parents or school administrators. It is important to instill confidence in all of these different groups, to interact appropriately with each, and to realize that many of their initial impressions about the sport will be based on their experience with the game you are facilitating. Teach the Rules Provide information to participants about how to play the game, including reference to specific rules, rules interpretations, guidance on the process for players to handle contested calls or other disputes, and general guidance about the role of personal responsibility and Spirit of the Game in Ultimate. In order to teach the rules, you must know the rules. Always have a rule book handy for your own reference as well as to use as a teaching tool so that participants (players, coaches, parents) know where and how to find rules information on their own. 13 Be clear before the game about whether you or players should be able to stop the game for rules questions, or whether they will be handled during normal stoppages or between points. When a rules question arises, either on its own or in conjunction with a call, be sure everyone involved understands the question at hand. If it is appropriate to the setting, potentially make the discussion larger so that others can learn from the situation as well. If the question is about a call, be sure that you do not state your opinion about what happened. Rather, explain the relevant rule and ask the participants to talk about what happened in the context of that information. For example, on a disputed line call where a player’s foot landed on the line: was he or she in or out? That is the players’ decision. Explain that the rule says the line is out and that the first point of contact after gaining possession is what dictates where a player landed. Perhaps explain about how straddling the line is viewed in the rules. Then ask the players what they saw. If they agree on what they saw, but just did not know the rule, they should be able to get started again from there. If they disagree on what they saw, help explain how to handle a contested call in that situation. Remember that the rules are more than just about throwing and catching, fouls and goals. They talk about expectations for behavior, dispute resolution procedures, equipment, and even the culture of the Ultimate community. These are all areas where you should be prepared and willing to help teach about Ultimate. Track Time Limits Track and announce time between points, for timeouts, after a turnover, half-time as needed or instructed by event organizer. Communicate game start times and caps as instructed by event organizer. The extent to which you track limits is dictated by the needs of the event. Time penalties can be enforced if that is part of the competition rules for the event or game. Otherwise, announcing time limits should be enough to help keep the game moving, while also teaching players and coaches about that aspect of the game. Monitor Conduct Issues Enforce sanctions as necessary. Track and report violations and incidents. You should be empowered to use the Misconduct Foul System as described in this manual. Keep in mind that your role is to facilitate play, so use either informal or formal warnings to the extent necessary to teach appropriate behavior while being empowered to handle offensive, dangerous, or other inappropriate behavior with sanctions if necessary. Remember that the conduct system can be applied to coaches or spectators as well as players, and that may very well be where it becomes more necessary. But coaches and parents may also simply need to be informed about expectations for behavior. Be sure to note and report any incidents to the event organizer or league official. Track Game Score and Timeouts This is self-explanatory. Periodically remind the teams of both the score and their timeout situation during the game. Be sure that you report the final score and any other game or logistical issues to the appropriate event organizer or league official. Pre-game Meeting Follow the instructions provided in the Best Practices chapter of this manual, excepting the parts about making active calls and rulings on disputed player calls. Be sure to reiterate the role of facilitating play and providing instruction on rules or other aspects of the game. Remind the teams that they should feel empowered to play without looking to you, but that you are there as a resource if needed. Explain the basics of the game (start, end, half-time, timeouts, etc.) and ask if they have questions. Positioning You can use any of the three Observer systems described in the USAU Observer Manual. Since you are not making rulings on calls or active line calls, the One Observer System is typically sufficient for following 14 game play and providing information or guidance as needed. The Two Observer System could also be used in order to provide better field coverage. 15 IV Best Practices Observer Duties This section contains lists providing a brief synopsis of Observer duties. Tournament Head Observer · · · · · · Select and recruit the Observer crew for a given tournament. Ensure that the crew is clear on all of the competition specifics, including any rule or Observer system changes. Work with the Competition Director and Tournament Director to schedule Observers on games. Work with the Competition Director and other Observers to address any officiating issues which arise during the event (including player misconduct), and communicate any necessary information to the crew. Assess the performance of the crew during the event, including fielding specific feedback from teams. Report all data back to HQ in a timely manner. Standard Observers · · · · · · · · Follow Observer Code of Conduct. Hold the pre-game meeting. Track and announce time between points, for timeouts, after a turnover and half-time. Enforce time limits as described in this manual. Communicate game start times and caps as instructed by event organizer. Make active line calls for in and out of bounds, goals, off-sides. Make rulings on contested calls (fouls, violations, other disputes) if requested by players or needed to keep game moving. Monitor conduct. Enforce sanctions as necessary. Track and report violations and incidents. Keep track of score and timeouts. Give hand signals where appropriate to communicate calls to players, coaches and spectators. Instructional Observers · · · · · · Follow Observer Code of Conduct. Hold the pre-game meeting. Track and announce time between points, for timeouts, after a turnover, half-time as needed or instructed by event organizer. Communicate game start times and caps as instructed by event organizer. Monitor conduct issues. Enforce sanctions as necessary. Track and report violations and incidents. Keep track of score and timeouts. Teach the rules. Provide information to participants about how to play the game, including reference to specific rules, rules interpretations, guidance on the process for players to handle contested calls or other disputes, and general guidance about the role of personal responsibility and Spirit of the Game in Ultimate. Experimental Events Occasionally some tournaments experiment with changes to specific rules or Observer duties. Observers working these events should familiarize themselves with the changes and any resultant consequences these may have for normal Observer mechanics. Typical examples of these changes include making some calls 16 active (e.g. travel, up/down, counting the stall), changes in how player misconduct is handled, and changes to rules not related to officiating (e.g. field size, player substitutions). Equipment While your foremost responsibility is to do the job to the best of your ability, it is important (especially in higher profile events) for the image of Observers in general as well as for the sport that you are properly equipped and maintain a professional appearance. At a minimum, at least one Observer working each game should wear a wristwatch with a stopwatch function and carry a pen or pencil, score card and a copy of the Rules. Additionally, follow these guidelines for their attire during games: Item Shoes Jersey Shorts/Pants Socks Headwear Guideline You must wear cleats. Black or black-based is recommended (required for showcase events). You must wear the official short or long-sleeved jersey of the Observer Program. You must wear the official shorts of the Observer Program. Black, cold-weather pants are permitted if necessary due to weather, as determined by the Head Observer. Black socks are recommended (and required for showcase events). If headgear is worn, you must wear the official baseball cap of the Observer Program. Black, cold-weather headwear is permitted if necessary due to weather, as determined by the Head Observer. If base layers or gloves are worn, black is recommended (and is required for showcase events). Sunglasses are not permitted except for medical reasons (e.g., prescription) or where approved by event Head Observer due to extreme sunlight interference or other appropriate circumstance. Rain gear is permitted if necessary due to weather, matching colors recommended. Other items such as headbands, wristbands or other decorative items are not permitted. Base Layers and Gloves Sunglasses Rain Gear Other Items Common Situations Below are points to keep in mind about situations commonly requiring attention and often a ruling. It is important to use your experience as a player to anticipate what may be coming next on the field. For example, if the mark is broken and a receiver is going deep, the Observer responsible for that goal line should be running deep as well. If patterns develop (such as a certain handler throwing deep or cross-field to the same receiver over and over), be prepared for the situation to recur. Always be cognizant of staying out of the way of the players to the greatest extent possible. If play is close to a sideline, do not occupy a position that would interfere with the disc going down the line, or if a team is threatening to score and play is on the same side of the field as the Observer watching the goal line, do not kneel at or near the cone, where you may be in the way of the players trying to make the play and unable to move out of their way quickly. Off-sides With a crew of two or more, off-sides is easily monitored. The Observer with the receiving team stands 5-10 yards behind the goal line and ~5 yards laterally from the closest player towards the sideline, so that you can simultaneously watch the pull and players’ movements. The Observer with the pulling team stands at the front cone of the end zone. Until the disc is released, no pulling team player’s foot may cross the vertical plane of the goal line, and each receiving team player must be in contact with the goal line. Call off-sides for every violation, but it is important to be consistent. Pro-actively give informal verbal warnings to help prevent multiple violations and keep the game moving. As soon as the pull is released, look at the other 17 Observer to see if there is an off-sides call, and inform the players. If off-sides is called, both Observers signal with raised crossed arms (see Appendix 2 – Hand Signals) and loudly echo the call, so that play stops quickly. It is helpful to mentally note the offside player(s) number(s) to announce when asked. Remember teams cannot decline an off-sides penalty. If the off-sides call only results in a warning for one of the teams, the Observer tracking time limits resets the clock and gives the receiving team 20 seconds to signal readiness again, with the pulling team getting an additional 20 seconds to match up and pull. If the off-sides call results in a field position penalty, the Observer with the receiving team informs that team where the disc will be put into play (either in the middle of their own end zone or at the mid-field mark) and then gives that team 30 seconds to set up, with the defensive team getting an additional 20 seconds to match up and check the disc in. Sideline Catches Position yourself so you can clearly see the line and the receiver’s hands and feet at the same time; if not, first confirm the catch, then immediately look to the feet. Continue to watch carefully for any bobbling which might occur during ground contact related to the catch. If the disc flies close to a boundary line, be sure to watch the take-off foot of any player attempting a “greatest,” and watch closely to see which foot (or other body part) makes the first ground contact and when that occurs, relative to the throw. A force-out foul is an active call when the disc is caught out-of-bounds and you believe it would have been in-bounds except for a force-out foul. When this occurs, play stops and resumes with a check. Note that an in or out call is separate from, and unrelated to, an up or down call. When up or down is not an active Observer call, it is the players’ responsibility to call up or down, and up or down is not considered when making an in or out call. If you are screened from making an active line call, do not give a verbal or hand signal. If there is no argument among the players, play continues normally. If there is any disagreement about whether the receiver was in or out, such as the receiver’s defender stopping and looking back at you, play stops and the situation is treated like a contested up or down call, with the disc being returned to the previous thrower. In these cases inform players that the disc is going back because you did not have a clear view of the play. Goals Scoring calls are of the utmost importance and this should be stressed to other officials. The official responsible for the end zone being attacked needs to stay far enough downfield to be in position for any play at the goal line or back line. When a catch is made near the goal line but in the playing field proper, verbally call “Not in!” to indicate that play should continue. No hand signal accompanies this call. When a catch is made in the end zone, verbally call “In!” and signal only that the receiver is in the end zone (see Appendix 2 – Hand Signals). However, before signaling “in the end zone” continue to watch the entire catch, including any subsequent related actions such as bobbling or spiking. Do not signal a goal until it is clear that no call negates the score. Note that when a player is ruled in the end zone (with no outstanding calls), the point is over, even if that player does not realize and throws a subsequent incompletion. In these cases, you are considered to have “best perspective.” Remember, an in or out call is separate from and unrelated to an up or down call. Since up or down is not an active Observer call, it is the players’ responsibility to make that call, and up or down should not be considered when making an in or out call. Thrower and Marker Fouls Marking fouls often are disputed, particularly when the count gets high and there is more frenzied action by both players. If the marker is jumping back and forth to deny all throws, resultant contact typically will be a foul on the marker, as is contact resulting from both the marker and the thrower vying for the same unoccupied position. However, if the marker establishes a legal position, it is a foul on the thrower to pivot into the marker’s body. If there is contact between the thrower and a marker’s extended arms or legs, this also is typically a foul on the marker and is considered a foul on the thrower only if the marker’s extremities were both in legal marking position and completely stationary. For any throw resulting in contact, consider: · Was the marker in a legal position to begin with? 18 · · Was the contact with the marker’s body, or the marker’s arms or legs? If the contact was with the marker’s body, was the marker moving over to prevent the throw, or did the marker already occupy that position before the contact? Guidance from the USAU Standing Rules Committee is useful in interpreting how to handle some tricky situations, including where the thrower aggressively makes contact with the marker. 1) Any contact with an illegally positioned marker is almost always a foul on the marker. 2) In the case of normal, legitimate, ultimate-related movements of the thrower (pivoting, faking, throwing, etc.), any contact that occurs in the space illegally occupied by the marker is considered “due to the marker setting up an illegal position.” 3) For any contact not addressed by 2) above, if the thrower is the primary cause of the contact, it will not be considered “due to the marker setting up an illegal position.” Keep in mind that, in games without an Observer, a thrower might call foul and throw the disc downfield anyway, thinking that even if the pass is intercepted or incomplete, the disc will come back to the thrower, whether or not the marker contests the call. With an Observer, if the call is contested and you rule no foul, it is a turnover with play resuming where the disc landed or was intercepted. Consider mentioning this to captains during the pre-game talk. Travels Watch the thrower’s feet and the disc carefully until the disc is released. After the throw, immediately scan downfield, so that if a travel is called, players can be directed back to the positions that they occupied at the time of the call. Pay special attention to defenders who are well away from the receivers who they are supposed to be covering, in case players ask for assistance in re-positioning. Several situations may prompt travel calls, including: · · · Incorrect pivot location – Know the spot where the disc should be put into play and see whether the thrower’s pivot is correctly positioned when releasing the disc. Absence of ground touch – A player in possession of a live disc (e.g., walking an out-of-bounds pull to the sideline or brick mark) must touch the disc to the ground to put the disc into play. Throwing while running – Count ground contacts as soon as a catch is made (if a player is contacting the ground when catching, the next ground contact as the first one), and be careful to see whether the player accelerates or changes direction. If the disc is released before the third ground contact, and there is no acceleration or direction change, it is not a travel. Pivot moves during throw – Be in position to see the thrower’s feet and the disc, and note whether the pivot leaves its spot before the disc is released. Note that some players have a very quick throwing motion and first step. Throw during a marking foul – Per the USAU Standing Rules Committee’s interpretation of the 11th Edition Rules, a thrower may legitimately be called for a travel even if the player moves his or her pivot foot as a result of being fouled by the marker. This may be addressed in future revisions of the Rules. · · Fast Count and Contested Stalls Listen carefully to the stall count (and monitor with hand counts if necessary) to determine whether the count speed is legal, and listen for acceleration at the end. Although as a general matter, you rule only on the call that is made, in a case where a stall is contested, rule to ensure the correct outcome, whatever the reason for the contest. That is, a stall can be overturned for either the count being too fast or the throw being released before the first utterance of “ten,” regardless of the specific call made by the thrower. Also, a thrower may call fast count for any individual instances of fast counting, even if the marker’s count is 19 consistent, but fast – failure to call prior fast count infractions does not preclude the thrower from calling subsequent fast count infractions. For example, if a marker’s count is fast at 1-2, and is still fast at 7-8, the thrower may call a fast count based on the latter, but may not wait until later in the count to call it on the former. Receiving and Defending Hucks Multiple players may simultaneously be vying for the disc on certain (typically deeper) throws, and when players are chasing a floating disc, one or more of them may trip and multiple fouls may be called. It is especially important for the downfield Observer to determine the likely path of the disc, get to the intended area as quickly as possible, and watch approaching receivers and defenders for early interference fouls, such as trips, tackles or blocking out with the elbows. Especially relevant are whether (1) one player is pushing another with his or her hands, (2) there is an obvious sweep across a player’s hands, (3) one player tackles another, or (4) one player uses another to assist in a leap. Unless this sort of activity is taking place, do not rule “boxing out” or similar incidental contact as a foul. Keep in mind that, when adjacent players simultaneously vie for the same position, the contact generally is considered incidental. If a ruling is requested and no official has a good view of this type of play (such as due to a several players going up at once) or if there are offsetting fouls, the disc is returned to the thrower. On throws into the end zone, get as close to the play as possible without interfering with the players, and always be prepared for the disc to be tipped in another direction until possession is firmly established. Contact initiated by a defender after he or she touches the disc is not a receiving foul. However, if the end result is dangerous play (e.g., offensive player is hit hard or tackled), or the contact prevented the receiver from making a subsequent play on the disc, a general foul or a blocking foul can result. The general foul after the outcome of the play has been determined would not affect possession, but would result in a stoppage of play and player resetting their positions. Remember that, even if the thrower travels, downfield events can impact possession. Strip Fouls To establish possession, a player must have both sustained contact with and control of a non-spinning disc. If the disc is still spinning, even slightly, or if the receiver does not have sustained contact or control, and the defender knocks it away, it is not a strip. A strip is a type of foul under the Rules, and a player calling “strip” is implying that he or she established possession of the disc and that contact with the disc caused possession to be lost. However, if you see the player establish possession and the contact causes possession to be lost, uphold a strip or foul call, whether the contact occurred with the disc or with the player. If a strip call is contested, play stops and restarts with a check after the ruling. If you uphold the call and the strip or foul occurred in the end zone, it is a goal. Note that in cases where possession is not yet established, then even if the receiver has been fouled, if he or she calls only “strip” (not foul), he or she should not be awarded the disc, even if you feel that the player was fouled on the catch attempt. Dangerous Plays Players have the right to call “dangerous play” when an opponent makes or tries to make a play which could potentially cause serious injury (e.g. a late diving bid by a defensive player who crashes heavily into another player). As with other calls, the “dangerous play” call can be contested, and you may be asked to rule in these types of situations. If you agree with the infracted player that the play was dangerous, uphold the call – the play is then resolved as if the player had called a foul. However, you can also deem a play “dangerous” regardless of the specific call or language that a player uses to stop play. In either case (dangerous play called by a player or by you), the offending player should at a minimum be penalized with a Team Misconduct Foul (see Section V) or possibly a Personal Misconduct Foul or Ejection, depending on egregious nature or severity of the infraction, and the potential for injury. 20 Disc Up or Down While this is not an active call, it often is the subject of dispute and you may be asked for a ruling. Making this call accurately nearly always requires you to be very close to the disc. If you are uncertain, send the disc back to the thrower. If you makes an up or down call after a dispute or request, play restarts with a check. Remember, an in or out call is separate from and unrelated to an up or down call. If up or down is not an active call, it is the players’ responsibility to call up or down and up or down should not be considered when making an in or out call. Picks For a pick call to be legitimate, the defender must be within three meters (approximately 10 feet) of the person he or she is covering. If necessary, consult another Observer who may have been in better position to rule on the call. Because picks often happen away from the disc and the primary cutters, you may not see the play, and in these cases, it is perfectly acceptable to so indicate and defer to the standard rules for continuing play after a pick call. Remember that a picked defender may recover only the relative position lost due to the pick. Even if a pick did occur (and is upheld), you may still rule that the disc stays with the receiver, if you feel that the picked defender could not have made a play on the disc absent the pick. Player Positioning After a Call When play stops due to a call, be prepared to help players set up in the appropriate positions before resuming play. If the thrower acknowledges the call and no throw is made, players return the positions they occupied at the time of the call. If a throw was made and the result of the play stands, players return to the positions they occupied when play stopped (generally, when the pass was caught). However, if a throw was made and the disc is returned to the thrower, players return to the positions they occupied the time of the throw or the time of the call, whichever was earlier. Time Limits Track time limits, including game start-times, time between pulls, half-times, time-outs, and resuming play after turnovers. See Appendix 1 – Guide to Timekeeping for time limits and when to give warnings, and Appendix 2 – Hand Signals for the appropriate hand signals. Make sure that players understand the hand signals. Once a time limit expires, indicate the potential for continuing play with an appropriate announcement. On turnovers, you as the soon to be trailing Observer (who will be behind the disc) call out the warnings and then “in play” at the appropriate time. The marker in position may then initiate a stall count, regardless of whether a thrower is in possession or has established a pivot. Be sure to have a spare disc available in case the offense requests one due to the original disc being difficult to retrieve. To end time-outs, call out the appropriate warnings for the offense to set up, and then announce “offense freeze.” Then call out the appropriate warnings to check the disc into play, and if the disc is not checked into play within the allotted time, announce “offense start when ready.” Only 90 seconds may elapse between a score and the subsequent pull. The receiving team has up to 70 seconds from the preceding score to assume stationary positions and signal readiness (typically, a raised hand). The pulling team has up to 90 seconds from the preceding score to pull. However, if the receiving team has not assumed stationary positions and signaled readiness within the allotted 70 seconds, the pulling team is permitted at least 20 seconds after the receiving team does so, regardless of the 90-second maximum. Face the team whose limits are expiring and announce each warning while giving the appropriate hand signal (to aid players who cannot hear and the Observer at the far end of the field). When the receiving team has signaled readiness, face the pulling team with one arm extended straight up, fingers extended parallel to each other, palm facing forward (see Appendix 2 – Hand Signals). All substitutions must be made before the receiving team signals readiness. Treat the game start-time and the end of half-time as described 21 above for pulls, but give the teams more advance warning, as described in Appendix 1 – Guide to Timekeeping, so that players are not caught by surprise. If players on the receiving team do not assume legal positions on the goal line and signal readiness within 70 seconds, a time violation warning is given. If the pulling team is not in the act of pulling after 90 seconds, a time violation warning is given. Each team receives one warning per game for violating the time limits for pulls. If a warning is given, make the appropriate hand signal (see Appendix 2 – Hand Signals) and verbally announce it to the team. Restart the clock as soon as the violation is noted on the score sheet. Then the receiving team has no more than 20 seconds to signal readiness, with the pulling team getting an additional 20 seconds to match up and pull. In practice, teams can usually begin play much more quickly after a time violation warning than these limits allow. After a team has received its warning, any further time violation results in assessment of a team time-out (with the resulting time extensions). If a team has no time-outs remaining, the following penalties apply: · · If they are receiving, they begin with the disc at the midpoint of the end zone they are defending, after players set up and a check is performed. If they are pulling, the receiving team begins with the disc at mid-field, after players set up and a check is performed. Time-Outs Track the time-outs taken by each team on the score sheet. When a team takes a time-out, inform the team how many time-outs that they have remaining. It is also helpful to inform the teams of this periodically in any event (such as when the end of a half or game is near). If a team with possession of the disc has no timeouts remaining and calls a time-out during play (live disc), plat stops and it is a turnover. There is no effect on possession (the time-out simply is not acknowledged or granted) if the time-out is called during a stoppage in play (dead disc). To take a time-out during play, the handler must form a T with the disc and should audibly announce "time out". If the player calls a time-out such that the disc is not currently where it is to be put into play, the disc should be placed at the location where it is to be put into play. Outcomes of Rulings If you uphold a call that is contested (e.g., agree with the thrower that he or she was fouled on the throw), the outcome of the play is the same as if the call had not been contested. If you uphold the contest (overrule the call), the outcome is that same as if the call was retracted. If there are multiple calls, you (and any other observers) must determine exactly what each call was and in what order they were made, generally working backward (from last call to first) to determine the appropriate outcome. After any ruling, players return to the locations that they would occupy under the Rules in the absence of Observers, depending on the ruling (i.e., whether the call was upheld or considered not to have been made), and play restarts with a check. Observer Stoppages You have the authority to stop active play in certain situations, in order to deal with significant conduct issues or safety issues, and to extend stoppages of play or time limits between points to handle disputes or other administrative matters. If you stop active play, the situation is treated as if an injury time-out had been called (for the purpose of continuation). Lightning Delays When a lightning delay is announced, the disc is immediately ruled dead at the first utterance of the announcement, whether it be verbal or 3 (or more) horn blasts. If announced during a pass, the disc is returned to the thrower regardless of the outcome of the pass. Place the disc on the ground, make a mental note of its placement, and seek shelter. When Tournament Staff announce that it is safe for games to continue, play will resume as if offense had called a time-out, except the stall will come in at the count reached +1 or 6 if over 5. In addition, Observers and captains can discuss enforcing their own lightning 22 delay prior to an official signal. If, prior to an official signal from the Tournament Staff, an Observer notices lightning or notices an indication of lightning (like a facility monitoring system siren), the Observer should stop play immediately, and play stops and restarts according to the above procedure. Pre-game Discussion with Teams Arrive at the field early enough to talk with the captains or coaches of both teams (preferably together) without interrupting the teams’ own pre-game talks or warm-ups. Introduce yourself and the crew, and ask if the teams have played with Observers before. Where teams have had experience playing with Observers, it likely is sufficient simply to explain that you will be following the typical protocol on active and inactive calls, that penalties can be assessed for repeated off-sides or time-limit violations, that the misconduct system is in effect, and explain any significant differences that may be in effect for the particular game or tournament. Where one or both teams have not played with Observes before, the Observer meeting with the captain(s)/coach(es) should at least cover the following points: · · · · · · · · · · · · The Observers’ primary purpose – to assist players in upholding Spirit of the Game by keeping the game moving and intervening where requested or necessary to avoid protracted disputes. Introduce the crew, and what their roles and responsibilities are (Observer, Linesperson, etc.). Competition Rules – point totals, caps, and timeouts. Time limits – You actively track and announce them to the players. Active calls – for time limits and boundary calls (and others where applicable for the specific game or tournament), you make the call and play generally continues. In the end zone – Two hands pointed toward the ground in the end zone indicates only that the play occurred in the end zone. It does not imply an up or down or goal call. Inactive calls – for other calls, it is up to the players; if no call is made, or if one is made, but they agree themselves on a particular outcome (right or wrong), the players’ decision stands. Do-overs – there may be instances where no official is in position to confidently rule; in these cases the disc will get sent back to the thrower, just as players would do absent Observers. Rulings are final – players need not agree to request Observer intervention; if one player requests, then you make a ruling and the ruling is final. Misconduct – explain that if players engage in actions that warrant it, misconduct fouls are assessed, and that repeated instances will result in penalties. Remind teams to maintain clear sidelines. Ask if they have questions and respond as appropriate. 23 V Player Misconduct System The conduct system described here is for use at all USAU Series events. You are empowered to sanction teams or individual players who commit deliberate or dangerous infractions, demonstrate patterns of repeated violations, or otherwise show disregard for the Spirit of the Game. The highest USAU Authority in attendance controls the implementation of the conduct system at USAU tournaments – and is, in descending order: Executive Director, Championship Director, National Director for the relevant division, USAU Event Coordinator, Tournament Director. Tournament directors at other events also may utilize the system, if a majority of team spokespersons approve it before play begins. This conduct system does not supersede or restrict the function or use of the Tournament Rules Group (TRG) or the USAU Conduct Committee. Both of these avenues are always available for resolving conduct disputes, including the specific cases addressed by the procedures described below. The TRG remains the official mechanism for processing complaints filed with USAU while a tournament is in progress. For the purposes of this system, “player” means any person on the roster of a team competing in a particular tournament, as well as coaches, managers, trainers and others considered as partisans for the team, including significant others, parents and fans. Components of the Misconduct System Technical Foul A Technical Foul can be assessed against a team for minor conduct violations that do not affect the competitiveness of the game. The first two Technical Fouls issued to a team are noted as warnings on the score sheet, but with no associated penalty. A third or subsequent Technical Fouls for a team in a single game results in a Misconduct Penalty against that team. There is no limit to the number of Technical Fouls or Misconduct Penalties a team can accrue during a game. Technical Fouls do not carry over beyond the game in which they are issued. Team Misconduct Foul (Blue Card) A Team Misconduct Foul (TMF) can be assessed against a team for unsportsmanlike conduct by one or more of its players. The TMF can be assessed regardless of whether the infracted team makes any call. The first two TMFs issued to a team are noted as warnings on the score sheet, but with no associated penalty. A third or subsequent TMF for a team in a single game results in a Misconduct Penalty against that team. There is no limit to the number of TMFs or Misconduct Penalties a team can accrue during a game. TMFs do not carry over beyond the game in which they are issued. Personal Misconduct Foul (Yellow Card) A Personal Misconduct Foul (PMF) can be assessed against a specific player for particularly egregious conduct or a pattern of such behavior. A PMF is a formal warning for unacceptable behavior and puts the player on notice that any further such actions will result in ejection from the game. A player who receives a second PMF during a single game is ejected for the remainder of that game. If this occurs in the second half of the game, the ejection remains in effect for the first half of the team’s next game. A player who receives three PMFs during a tournament is suspended for the remainder of the tournament. Assessment of a PMF is non-reviewable for the duration of the game, although it may be appealed to the TRG after the game. One TMF is automatically assessed against a team whenever one of its players receives a PMF. 24 Ejection (Red Card) A player may be ejected from a game for particularly egregious conduct or a pattern of such behavior. Any player who intentionally strikes an opposing player, or a coach, spectator, Observer or Linesperson, shall be immediately ejected from the game. Any player who strikes in retaliation also shall be ejected. No formal or informal warning is necessary before you eject a player, and an ejection need not be preceded by a TMF or PMF. If an ejection occurs during the second half of the game, the ejection remains in effect for the first half of the player’s team’s next game. If a player receives more than one ejection in a tournament, that player is suspended for the rest of the tournament, and a formal complaint may be filed with USAU. An ejection is non-reviewable for the duration of the game, although it may be appealed to the TRG after the game. One TMF is automatically assessed against a team whenever one of its players is ejected. Game Forfeiture If five PMFs are assessed against players on a single team during a game, that team forfeits the game. For this purpose, an ejection is equivalent to two PMFs. For example, if three or more players on a single team are ejected, that team forfeits the game. If the situation arises where both teams would be required to forfeit the game due to multiple player ejections, the Competition Director shall convene the TRG and determine the appropriate outcome based on competition considerations. Behavior Warranting Sanctions Poor Sportsmanship When a team demonstrates a pattern of poor sportsmanship or disregard for the Rules, by committing intentional, repeated or flagrant infractions, issue a TMF. If such a pattern is demonstrated by a single player, issue a PMF to that player. Behavior warranting such sanctions includes deliberate fouling, dangerous play, taunting, fighting, swearing directed at an Observer or opponent, repeated marking fouls, deliberate fast counting or double-teaming, making unwarranted calls or contests, or other blatant disregard of the rules. Any flagrant foul does not require a pattern to result in a TMF or PMF. Likewise, a single particularly violent “harmful endangerment” infraction can be grounds for a PMF or an ejection, at the discretion of the Observer or Linesperson who witnesses the incident. Finally, a single particularly egregious demonstration of disregard for the rules (such as an intentional infraction or clearly unfounded call) can be grounds for a TMF. Battery Intentionally striking another player with a part of the body, a disc or anything else, or any clear attempt to do so, warrants an ejection. This includes, but is not limited to: punching or kicking, or attempting to punch or kick, someone; spiking, or attempting to spike, a disc on someone; and spitting on someone, or spitting at someone but missing. If a player spikes the disc without intending to hit another player, and it does hit an opposing player, you may assess a TMF or PMF. Swearing If special language rules are in effect for a tournament, loud swearing warrants a technical foul. At your discretion, TMF or PMF may be assessed for swearing if directed at an opposing player or coach, or any spectator, Observer or linesperson. Deliberate Fouling A TMF or PMF may be assessed for a particularly hard, dangerous or deliberate foul, at your discretion. 25 Pushing/Shoving A TMF or PMF may be assessed for unwarranted aggressive (e.g. shoving) or dangerous (e.g. tripping) behavior, at your discretion. Taunting Repeated or prolonged taunting, or any verbal abuse of players, fans or USAU officials, warrants a TMF or PMF, depending on the severity of the offense. In determining which sanction is appropriate, consider whether there appears to be an attempt to intimidate or otherwise gain an advantage over the opponent by such actions, and also the intensity level of the game. Walking away from an incident while jawing or mocking is different than aggressively moving toward the other team’s sideline or being in an opponent’s face. The former is a case of disrespect, and should be discouraged, possibly with a TMF; the latter is verbal assault and may warrant harsher sanctions. 2013 USA Ultimate Annual Report. hundreds of ultimate tournaments take place across the United States, and each year, USA Ultimate. The USA Ultimate Observer.
Wavetek Model 39 Manual ArtsHistory of the USA Ultimate Observer Program. You can use any of the three Observer systems described in the USAU Observer Manual. Since you are not. Wavetek Model 39 Manual Muscle |
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